Part 1: Fetal And Neonatal Physiology Flashcards
Gestational age is day ___ of the last day of normal menstrual period.
Fertilization age is day ___ of fertilization.
Fertilization age plus 2 weeks is _____ age.
1
1
Gestational
Describe the formation of hematopoiesis
Multipotential hematopoietic stem cell -> myeloid progenitor -> erythrocyte
Where is the primary site of hematopoiesis in the fetus during first trimester?
Second trimester the main source is?
Third trimester until birth the main source is?
Yolk sac
Liver
Bone marrow
After ____ weeks gestation, hematopoietic progenitors are no longer detected in the yolk sac. The liver serves as the primary source from ____ to ____ week of gestation.
____ is the primary source of EPO transcription throughout fetal life. ____ production of EPO increases throughout fetal life. ____ becomes the major site of hematopoiesis after 24th week of gestation and remains until birth.
7; 9-24
Liver; kidney
Bone marrow
O2 binding affinity of fetal Hb is ____ than maternal Hb. Normal adult levels of Hb are achieved by ____ weeks of life.
____ can occurs during the first 2 weeks of life. ____ can develop due to elevation of unconjugated bilirubin.
Greater; 12
Hyperbilirubinemia
Physiological jaundice
Early cord clamping
Kj
The serum iron level in the cord blood of the normal infant is ____ compared to maternal levels.
The mean serum ferritin levels in iron-sufficient infants are ___ at birth, increase during first month, then ____ by 1 year old.
The amount of iron in the marrow at birth is ____ but increases in term and preterm infants during the _____ weeks after birth.
Marrow iron begins to ____ after 2 months and is gone by _____ months in term infants an earlier in premature infants.
____ is preferentially allocated to erythropoiesis if the availability of ___ is limited.
Elevated
High; decrease
Small; first
Decrease; 4-6
Iron; iron
Nephrogenic is begins at ___ weeks gestation and completely by ____ week.
Urine production begins as early as ____ weeks thorough _____ weeks gestation.
8; 36
10; 20
Renal fx matures rapidly in the ____ trimester responsible for body fluid balance, acid-base balance, and electrolyte balance.
Functional development completes closer to ____ month of age.
3rd
1 month
Fetal liver has poor conjugation of _____ forming plasma proteins and coagulation factors. There is deficient ____ therefore blood glucose levels are low the fist day. Infant uses its stored ____ and ____ for metabolism until mother’s milk can be provided.
Bilirubin
Gluconeogenesis
Fat
Protein
Neonates are in a stage of rapid _____ of its bones at birth, therefore a ready supply of ____ throughout infancy is necessary.
Absorption of Ca by the ______ is poor in the absence of ____.
____ can develop in infants who have vitamin D deficiency.
Ossification; Ca
GI tract; vitamin D
Rickets
The fetus must actively pump _____, ____, and _____ from the maternal circulation against concentration gradients. It maintains serum mineral concentrations at ___ levels than in maternal circulation. Rapidly mineralized skeleton during the final quarter of _____ achieve a positive mineral balance.
Ca, Pi, Mg
High
Gestation
The infant has enough stored iron to keep forming blood for ____ months after birth if mother had adequate amounts of iron in her diet during pregnancy.
If mother had iron insufficiency in her diet, severe ____ can occur in infant after 3 months of life.
6
Anemia
Vitamin C
Kj
Neonates inherit ____ form their mother because they do not form ____ of is own.
By end of ____, there is a decrease in baby’s gamma globulins (contain abx)
Baby own immune system forms abx and gamma globulins by age ____.
Immunity; antibodies
1st month
12-20 months
