Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endo/Repro Final > Histology Of The Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Histology Of The Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two cycles of the menstrual cycle?

A

Ovarian cycle: several ovarian follicles, each housing a primary oocyte; undergo folliculogenesis in preparation for ovulation

Uterine cycle: endometrium prepares for implantation; if fertilization does not occur, endometrium is shed and menstruation occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the fx of the oviduct?

A

Catch ovulated secondary oocyte

Nourish oocyte and sperm

Provide fertilization microenvironment

Transport embryo to uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the regions of the oviduct?

What lines the ampulla and isthmus?

A

Proximal infundibulum with fimbriae

Long and thin-walled ampulla

Short and thick-walled isthmus

Intramural portion opens into uterus

Mucosal folds that project into the lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the wall of the oviduct:

Mucosal layer? What does an increase and decrease in estrogen cause?

A

Simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria (loose CT with few smooth m cells)

Ciliated cells: enlarge, grow in height and produce cilia during folliculogenesis (increase estrogen); lose cilia and decrease in height during luteolysis (increase progesterone)

Nonciliated secretory cells (peg cells): secrete nutrients for the egg during migration (increase estrogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the smooth muscle layer and serous a layer in the wall of the oviduct

What is the fx of peristaltic contractions and ciliary activity of epithelial cells?

A

Inner circular-spiral layer and outer longitudinal layer

Serous layer with large blood vessels

Propel oocyte/zygote towards uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the layers of the endometrium of the uterus

What layer is lost during menstruation?

A

Epithelium: simple columnar with simple tubular endometrial glands

Functional layer: lost during menstruation; supplied by spiral arteries

Basal layer: retained during menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the myometrium of the uterus

A

Poorly defined smooth m

Central, circular layer; thick with blood vessels -> stratum vasculare

Outer and inner layers contain longitudinally or obliquely arranged fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the perimetrium of the uterus

A

Serous covering posterior surface and part of anterior surface (remainder is adventitia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What vasculature supplies the endometrium?

Before menstruation, contraction of the artery occurs at ____ junction.

What does this cause?

A

Arcuate arteries: straight segment supplies basal layer; coiled segment supplies functional layer and stretches with endometrial growth

Straight-coiled

Reduction in blood flow -> destruction of functional layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the four phases of the menstrual cycle?

A

Proliferative phase

Secretory phase

Ischemic phase

Menstrual phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle

A

Day 5-14 (just finished menses, endometrium thinnest)

Glands proliferate and cover surface

Spiral arteries elongated and become convoluted; extend from basal into functional layer

Estrogen dependent

Functional layer is thin, stroma is cellular, glands straight narrow empty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle

A

Day 15-28 (ovulation)

Glands are convoluted (saw tooth)

Endometrium reaches maximum thickness

Spiral arteries continue to grow and extend into functional layer

Considerable leukocyte infiltration

Estrogen and progesterone

Functional layer less cellular, thicker than basal layer, tubular glands have saw tooth shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the ischemic phase of the menstrual cycle

A

1 day

Regression of corpus luteum
Reduction in blood supply causing intermittent ischemia
Necrosis of functional layer
Swelling/breakdown of glands
Stroma of functional layer is sponge like; breakdown of stromal matrix

Reduction in progesterone -> periodic constrictions of spiral A -> deprive O2 supply to the functional layer -> breakdown in spiral A floods lamina propria with blood -> functional layer detaches and sheds -> basal layer not affected because basal straight A supply blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle

A

1-4 days

Stratum functionalis has sloughed away

Numerous RBCs and leukocytes

Stratum basalis remains intact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are decidual cells?

What are the functions of decidual cells?

What is the decidual reaction?

A

During pregnancy, fibroblasts become decidual cells in lamina propria of the uterus; increase in size, store lipids and glycogen

Due to increase in progesterone

Maintains corpus leuteum
Provides nutrients to embryo
Modulates trophoblast invasion
Prevent immunologic rejection

Decidual reaction: functional layer will be shed as the decidua at parturition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is endometriosis?

Where can it occur?

Endometrium will proliferate, secrete, and bleed in relation to the ____.

Symptoms?

Treatment?

A

Clusters of endometrium become implanted outside the uterus (endometrioma)

Oviduct, ovaries, sigmoid/ascending colon, broad and uterosacral L, pelvic peritoneal lining

Menstrual cycle

Dysmenorrhea: chronic pelvic pain during menstruation
Menorrhagia: excessive bleeding during menstrual period
Menometrorrhagia: bleeding between periods
Infertility

Oral contraceptives, drugs to induce menopause, laparoscopy of hysterectomy, IVF

17
Q

What is the fx of the cervix?

What are cervical crypts?

What are nabothian cysts?

A

Communicates with the uterine cavity and vagina through the endocervix; folded mucosa with deep crypts that mimic mucus-secreting tubular glands

Increase surface area of mucus-producing simple columnar cells; crypt height varies with the time of the menstrual cycle and secretory activity

Cervical crypts can become occluded and dilated forming nabothian cysts

18
Q

That is the stoma of the cervix?

What is the ectocervix?

What is the transformation zone?

A

Collagen bundles, some smooth muscle and abundant vasculature

External segment of cervix, lined by stratified squamous epithelium

Abrupt epithelial transition between endocervix and endocervix

19
Q

What are the layers of the vagina?

A

Mucosal layer: nonkeratinized stratified squamous; kept moist by mucus from uterine/endocervical glands and Bartholin glands

Muscularis layer: circular and longitudinal smooth m

Adventitial layer: dense CT

20
Q

What are cyclical changes in the vagina?

Ovulation vs after ovulation

A

Ovulation (estrogen): stratified epithelium is fully differentiated -> acidophillic squamous cells

After ovulation (progesterone): decreased squamous cells -> increased basophillic polygonal cells and increased neutrophils/lymphocytes

21
Q

What and where is the clitoris?

What partially covers it? And what does it lack?

A

Located below mons pubis

Consists of erectile vascular tissue with two cura surrounded by fibrous collagenous sheath

Partially covered by skin rich with sensory nerves and receptors but lacks hair follicles and glands

Endo/Repro Final (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions