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TT284: block 1 - Basic Web Technologies > Part 1 - A brief history of the internet > Flashcards

Part 1 - A brief history of the internet Flashcards

1
Q

this splits the computing workload between:
* Client (front-end) - handles processing and displaying data
* Server (back-end) - handles processing and distributing data/content

A

how does a web application split computer workloads

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2
Q

describe the
content-length header
from a HTTP respoonse message

A

tells us the size of the returned file in the unit size defined in accept-ranges. Browsers can use this information to create progress bars in cases where data is downloaded

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3
Q
  • invented by tim berners-lee
  • Essentially runs on top of the internet but allows for requesting and sending information in a consistent manner
  • Is comprised of the protocols HTTP, HTML
A

describe in 3 points the
world wide web

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4
Q

This gives the server additional information regarding our request

A

what are the header lines for in a HTTP GET request

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5
Q

what 5 things should be kept in mind when developing a web application

A

these include:
* Ensure the website is loaded as fast as possible
* Ensure users can easily find what they are looking for (usability)
* The web application is tested and delivered to schedule
* Built so that it can be maintained and expanded when needed
* Be scalable and responsive

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6
Q

tells us the size of the returned file in the unit size defined in accept-ranges. Browsers can use this information to create progress bars in cases where data is downloaded

A

describe the
content-length header
from a HTTP respoonse message

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7
Q

shows the date and time that the response message was created

A

describe the
date header
from a HTTP respoonse message

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8
Q

describe in 3 points the
world wide web

A
  • invented by tim berners-lee
  • Essentially runs on top of the internet but allows for requesting and sending information in a consistent manner
  • Is comprised of the protocols HTTP, HTML
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9
Q

this is content that is changeable. the web application may keep track of
* Keep track of possibly thousands of items and customers
* Keep track of individual users
* Including there purchases
* There activity

A

describe
dynamic web content

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10
Q

what are the 3 parts that make up a HTTP GET request

A

this is made up of
* The request line
* One or more header lines
* Body or payload

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11
Q

what is
accessiblity

A

ensures that the web application can be used even by those who are physically or mentally disadvantaged

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12
Q

this tells the client what type of data they will be receiving

A

describe the
content-type header
from a HTTP respoonse message

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13
Q

describe the
request line
from a HTTP GET request

A

This lets the server know which resources we are interested in. It is made up of three parts separated by white space

GET / HTTP/1.1

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14
Q

how does a web application split computer workloads

A

this splits the computing workload between:
* Client (front-end) - handles processing and displaying data
* Server (back-end) - handles processing and distributing data/content

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15
Q

this is made up of
* The request line
* One or more header lines
* Body or payload

A

what are the 3 parts that make up a HTTP GET request

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16
Q

describe the
HTTP connection header

A

used by client and server and signifies whether the connection should stay open or not

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17
Q

describe the
last-modified header
from a HTTP respoonse message

A

details of when the resource was last modified. The browser may cache the resource with the timestamp so when it next accesses the resource if the timestamps are not to far in the past it will re use the already cached resource

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18
Q

is 6 points summarise what a web application should fullfil

A
  • fulfils some form of ‘business’ requirement
  • is built using internet and web technologies and protocols
  • is delivered by distributed architecture
  • is standards-compliant
  • should be usable
  • should be accessible.
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19
Q

this gives the server information about the user agent that is requesting the resources this can include info such as your OS and browser

A

describe the
HTTP user-agent header

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20
Q
  • fulfils some form of ‘business’ requirement
  • is built using internet and web technologies and protocols
  • is delivered by distributed architecture
  • is standards-compliant
  • should be usable
  • should be accessible.
A

is 6 points summarise what a web application should fullfil

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21
Q

describe the
content-type header
from a HTTP respoonse message

A

this tells the client what type of data they will be receiving

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22
Q

what 3 parts is a HTTP response message made up of

A

this is made up of:
* Status line
* Header lines
* Body

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23
Q

describe
hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

A

allows a client to request information from a server and the server reply to the request

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24
Q

this tells the server which type of resources we can accept. we may also set a priority on resources

A

describe the
HTTP accept header

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25
Q

used for caching purposes and validates that a locally cached resource is identical to the one stored on the server if so then the server will not send the resource and it can be found locally using the cached copy

A

describe the
ETag (Entity Tag) header
from a HTTP respoonse message

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26
Q

is part of the ranges system. The ranges system lets the client request only part of a file instead of having to download the whole file. This tells the client what unit size we are working with

A

describe the
accept-ranges header
from a HTTP respoonse message

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27
Q

describe the HTTP status codes beginning with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

A

1xx - this is information status codes
2xx - this is a success status code
3xx - this status code means that the resource has been moved and information of where it can be found may be given
4xx - this indicates a client error (404 code, which indicates that the requested resource was not found)
5xx - this indicates that there was a server side error

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28
Q

ensures that the web application can be used even by those who are physically or mentally disadvantaged

A

what is
accessiblity

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29
Q

allows a client to request information from a server and the server reply to the request

A

describe
hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)

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30
Q

what is
usability

A

this ensures that the user interface is intuitive and unambiguous. essentially meaning that the user can easily navigate the web application and find what they are looking for

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31
Q

Born in 2004 works with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in maintaining and evolving html and other technologies that are a fundamental part of a web platform

A

what is the
Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG)

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32
Q

this is a web page that is unchanging and every client requesting it will see the same content. it does not take into account:
* Who you are
* Where your from
* When you visit

A

describe a
static web page

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33
Q

what is the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

A

This standards body maintains presentation languages and technologies including:
* Html
* Css
* SVG
* AJAX
* XML
* XSLT

34
Q

describe
hypertext markup language

A

is a markup language that allows us to present and structure information. within it can be embedded:
* text
* images
* videos
* scripts

35
Q

describe the
HTTP user-agent header

A

this gives the server information about the user agent that is requesting the resources this can include info such as your OS and browser

36
Q

describe the
status line
of a HTTP response

A

This informs the client on the outcome of the request and is broken into three parts separated by whitespace
HTTP/1.1 200 OK

37
Q

what are the header lines for in a HTTP GET request

A

This gives the server additional information regarding our request

38
Q

what is
response time

A

the time between requesting a resource and it being delivered

39
Q

when this is received by a server it wil:
1.Check that it can find the resource that is given in the GET message
2.Check that the user has the permissions to access that resource
3.Create a response
4.Send the response back to the client with the resource

A

what 4 things happen when a server receives a
HTTP GET request

40
Q

used by client and server and signifies whether the connection should stay open or not

A

describe the
HTTP connection header

41
Q

details of when the resource was last modified. The browser may cache the resource with the timestamp so when it next accesses the resource if the timestamps are not to far in the past it will re use the already cached resource

A

describe the
last-modified header
from a HTTP respoonse message

42
Q

what is a
name server

A

part of the DNS and will hold information about your domain including:
* A record (IPv4 address)
* AAAA record (IPv6 address)

43
Q

describe the
accept-ranges header
from a HTTP respoonse message

A

is part of the ranges system. The ranges system lets the client request only part of a file instead of having to download the whole file. This tells the client what unit size we are working with

44
Q

GET / HTTP/1.1

From the above example
Part 1 (GET) - this is known as the request verb and tells the server that we would like to get information
Part 2 (/) - this part tells the server which resource we want in this case we want the root directory
Part 3 (HTTP/1.1) - this part specifies the version of the HTTP protocol we would like to use in this case 1.1

A

describe the 3 parts that make up the request line
from a HTTP GET request

45
Q

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Part 1 (the HTTP protocol version) - this notifies the client of the http version the server is using. The server can change version if it does not support the version the client is using
Part 2 (the HTTP status code) - this is a three digit status code that tells the client the outcome of the request
Part 3 (the reason phrase) - this is a human readable explanation of the status code

A

what are the 3 parts of the
status line
from a HTTP response

46
Q

describe
dynamic web content

A

this is content that is changeable. the web application may keep track of
* Keep track of possibly thousands of items and customers
* Keep track of individual users
* Including there purchases
* There activity

47
Q

gives the name and version of the server software

A

describe the
server header
from a HTTP respoonse message

48
Q

when creating these the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends
meaningful domain names so that resources can be easily identified and the structure used can be recognised in the URL

A

what is the recommendation from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) when
creating a domain name

49
Q

This informs the client on the outcome of the request and is broken into three parts separated by whitespace
HTTP/1.1 200 OK

A

describe the
status line
of a HTTP response

50
Q

is used by a browser so that it may request information from a server

A

describe the HTTP GET method

51
Q

describe a
static web page

A

this is a web page that is unchanging and every client requesting it will see the same content. it does not take into account:
* Who you are
* Where your from
* When you visit

52
Q

this will resolve a
business requirement

A business requirement could include allowing customers to:
* Order goods or services
* Access email
* Exchange messages
* Bid at an online auction
* Distribute information to visitors

A

what does a web application resolve

53
Q

what 5 aspects might affect the response time when making a request to a server

A

aspects include
* The server
* The servers connection to the internet
* File sizes
* The client
* The clients connection to the internet

54
Q

what is the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

A

This standards body looks after transportation or internet delivery protocols such as http

55
Q

This standards body maintains presentation languages and technologies including:
* Html
* Css
* SVG
* AJAX
* XML
* XSLT

A

what is the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

56
Q

describe the 3 parts that make up the request line
from a HTTP GET request

A

GET / HTTP/1.1

From the above example
Part 1 (GET) - this is known as the request verb and tells the server that we would like to get information
Part 2 (/) - this part tells the server which resource we want in this case we want the root directory
Part 3 (HTTP/1.1) - this part specifies the version of the HTTP protocol we would like to use in this case 1.1

57
Q
  1. this was born from research carried out by The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANet) project of 1969. its aim was to create computer networks resillient to failure
  2. from the project protocols including TCP and IP were born
A

the internet
1. how was it born
2. what protocols did it use

58
Q

what are the 3 parts of the
status line
from a HTTP response

A

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Part 1 (the HTTP protocol version) - this notifies the client of the http version the server is using. The server can change version if it does not support the version the client is using
Part 2 (the HTTP status code) - this is a three digit status code that tells the client the outcome of the request
Part 3 (the reason phrase) - this is a human readable explanation of the status code

59
Q

a requirement from HTTP 1.1
and tells the server which host has the resource we want
this is important especially when a server has many hosts/websites

A

describe the
HTTP HOST header

60
Q

describe the HTTP GET method

A

is used by a browser so that it may request information from a server

61
Q

1xx - this is information status codes
2xx - this is a success status code
3xx - this status code means that the resource has been moved and information of where it can be found may be given
4xx - this indicates a client error (404 code, which indicates that the requested resource was not found)
5xx - this indicates that there was a server side error

A

describe the HTTP status codes beginning with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

62
Q

what is the
Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG)

A

Born in 2004 works with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in maintaining and evolving html and other technologies that are a fundamental part of a web platform

63
Q

describe the
date header
from a HTTP respoonse message

A

shows the date and time that the response message was created

64
Q

This standards body looks after transportation or internet delivery protocols such as http

A

what is the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

65
Q

describe the
HTTP HOST header

A

a requirement from HTTP 1.1
and tells the server which host has the resource we want
this is important especially when a server has many hosts/websites

66
Q

the internet
1. how was it born
2. what protocols did it use

A
  1. this was born from research carried out by The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANet) project of 1969. its aim was to create computer networks resillient to failure
  2. from the project protocols including TCP and IP were born
67
Q

this is made up of:
* Status line
* Header lines
* Body

A

what 3 parts is a HTTP response message made up of

68
Q

the time between requesting a resource and it being delivered

A

what is
response time

69
Q

what does a web application resolve

A

this will resolve a
business requirement

A business requirement could include allowing customers to:
* Order goods or services
* Access email
* Exchange messages
* Bid at an online auction
* Distribute information to visitors

70
Q

these include:
* Ensure the website is loaded as fast as possible
* Ensure users can easily find what they are looking for (usability)
* The web application is tested and delivered to schedule
* Built so that it can be maintained and expanded when needed
* Be scalable and responsive

A

what 5 things should be kept in mind when developing a web application

71
Q

aspects include
* The server
* The servers connection to the internet
* File sizes
* The client
* The clients connection to the internet

A

what 5 aspects might affect the response time when making a request to a server

72
Q

is a markup language that allows us to present and structure information. within it can be embedded:
* text
* images
* videos
* scripts

A

describe
hypertext markup language

73
Q

describe the
HTTP accept header

A

this tells the server which type of resources we can accept. we may also set a priority on resources

74
Q

This lets the server know which resources we are interested in. It is made up of three parts separated by white space

GET / HTTP/1.1

A

describe the
request line
from a HTTP GET request

75
Q

what 4 things happen when a server receives a
HTTP GET request

A

when this is received by a server it wil:
1.Check that it can find the resource that is given in the GET message
2.Check that the user has the permissions to access that resource
3.Create a response
4.Send the response back to the client with the resource

76
Q

what is the recommendation from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) when
creating a domain name

A

when creating these the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends
meaningful domain names so that resources can be easily identified and the structure used can be recognised in the URL

77
Q

this ensures that the user interface is intuitive and unambiguous. essentially meaning that the user can easily navigate the web application and find what they are looking for

A

what is
usability

78
Q

describe the
server header
from a HTTP respoonse message

A

gives the name and version of the server software

79
Q

part of the DNS and will hold information about your domain including:
* A record (IPv4 address)
* AAAA record (IPv6 address)

A

what is a
name server

80
Q

describe the
ETag (Entity Tag) header
from a HTTP respoonse message

A

used for caching purposes and validates that a locally cached resource is identical to the one stored on the server if so then the server will not send the resource and it can be found locally using the cached copy

TT284: block 1 - Basic Web Technologies (7 decks)

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