Part 1 - A brief history of the internet Flashcards
this splits the computing workload between:
* Client (front-end) - handles processing and displaying data
* Server (back-end) - handles processing and distributing data/content
how does a web application split computer workloads
describe the
content-length header
from a HTTP respoonse message
tells us the size of the returned file in the unit size defined in accept-ranges. Browsers can use this information to create progress bars in cases where data is downloaded
- invented by tim berners-lee
- Essentially runs on top of the internet but allows for requesting and sending information in a consistent manner
- Is comprised of the protocols HTTP, HTML
describe in 3 points the
world wide web
This gives the server additional information regarding our request
what are the header lines for in a HTTP GET request
what 5 things should be kept in mind when developing a web application
these include:
* Ensure the website is loaded as fast as possible
* Ensure users can easily find what they are looking for (usability)
* The web application is tested and delivered to schedule
* Built so that it can be maintained and expanded when needed
* Be scalable and responsive
tells us the size of the returned file in the unit size defined in accept-ranges. Browsers can use this information to create progress bars in cases where data is downloaded
describe the
content-length header
from a HTTP respoonse message
shows the date and time that the response message was created
describe the
date header
from a HTTP respoonse message
describe in 3 points the
world wide web
- invented by tim berners-lee
- Essentially runs on top of the internet but allows for requesting and sending information in a consistent manner
- Is comprised of the protocols HTTP, HTML
this is content that is changeable. the web application may keep track of
* Keep track of possibly thousands of items and customers
* Keep track of individual users
* Including there purchases
* There activity
describe
dynamic web content
what are the 3 parts that make up a HTTP GET request
this is made up of
* The request line
* One or more header lines
* Body or payload
what is
accessiblity
ensures that the web application can be used even by those who are physically or mentally disadvantaged
this tells the client what type of data they will be receiving
describe the
content-type header
from a HTTP respoonse message
describe the
request line
from a HTTP GET request
This lets the server know which resources we are interested in. It is made up of three parts separated by white space
GET / HTTP/1.1
how does a web application split computer workloads
this splits the computing workload between:
* Client (front-end) - handles processing and displaying data
* Server (back-end) - handles processing and distributing data/content
this is made up of
* The request line
* One or more header lines
* Body or payload
what are the 3 parts that make up a HTTP GET request
describe the
HTTP connection header
used by client and server and signifies whether the connection should stay open or not
describe the
last-modified header
from a HTTP respoonse message
details of when the resource was last modified. The browser may cache the resource with the timestamp so when it next accesses the resource if the timestamps are not to far in the past it will re use the already cached resource
is 6 points summarise what a web application should fullfil
- fulfils some form of ‘business’ requirement
- is built using internet and web technologies and protocols
- is delivered by distributed architecture
- is standards-compliant
- should be usable
- should be accessible.
this gives the server information about the user agent that is requesting the resources this can include info such as your OS and browser
describe the
HTTP user-agent header
- fulfils some form of ‘business’ requirement
- is built using internet and web technologies and protocols
- is delivered by distributed architecture
- is standards-compliant
- should be usable
- should be accessible.
is 6 points summarise what a web application should fullfil
describe the
content-type header
from a HTTP respoonse message
this tells the client what type of data they will be receiving
what 3 parts is a HTTP response message made up of
this is made up of:
* Status line
* Header lines
* Body
describe
hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
allows a client to request information from a server and the server reply to the request
this tells the server which type of resources we can accept. we may also set a priority on resources
describe the
HTTP accept header
used for caching purposes and validates that a locally cached resource is identical to the one stored on the server if so then the server will not send the resource and it can be found locally using the cached copy
describe the
ETag (Entity Tag) header
from a HTTP respoonse message
is part of the ranges system. The ranges system lets the client request only part of a file instead of having to download the whole file. This tells the client what unit size we are working with
describe the
accept-ranges header
from a HTTP respoonse message
describe the HTTP status codes beginning with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
1xx - this is information status codes
2xx - this is a success status code
3xx - this status code means that the resource has been moved and information of where it can be found may be given
4xx - this indicates a client error (404 code, which indicates that the requested resource was not found)
5xx - this indicates that there was a server side error
ensures that the web application can be used even by those who are physically or mentally disadvantaged
what is
accessiblity
allows a client to request information from a server and the server reply to the request
describe
hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
what is
usability
this ensures that the user interface is intuitive and unambiguous. essentially meaning that the user can easily navigate the web application and find what they are looking for
Born in 2004 works with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in maintaining and evolving html and other technologies that are a fundamental part of a web platform
what is the
Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG)
this is a web page that is unchanging and every client requesting it will see the same content. it does not take into account:
* Who you are
* Where your from
* When you visit
describe a
static web page
what is the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
This standards body maintains presentation languages and technologies including:
* Html
* Css
* SVG
* AJAX
* XML
* XSLT
describe
hypertext markup language
is a markup language that allows us to present and structure information. within it can be embedded:
* text
* images
* videos
* scripts
describe the
HTTP user-agent header
this gives the server information about the user agent that is requesting the resources this can include info such as your OS and browser
describe the
status line
of a HTTP response
This informs the client on the outcome of the request and is broken into three parts separated by whitespace
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
what are the header lines for in a HTTP GET request
This gives the server additional information regarding our request
what is
response time
the time between requesting a resource and it being delivered
when this is received by a server it wil:
1.Check that it can find the resource that is given in the GET message
2.Check that the user has the permissions to access that resource
3.Create a response
4.Send the response back to the client with the resource
what 4 things happen when a server receives a
HTTP GET request
used by client and server and signifies whether the connection should stay open or not
describe the
HTTP connection header
details of when the resource was last modified. The browser may cache the resource with the timestamp so when it next accesses the resource if the timestamps are not to far in the past it will re use the already cached resource
describe the
last-modified header
from a HTTP respoonse message
what is a
name server
part of the DNS and will hold information about your domain including:
* A record (IPv4 address)
* AAAA record (IPv6 address)
describe the
accept-ranges header
from a HTTP respoonse message
is part of the ranges system. The ranges system lets the client request only part of a file instead of having to download the whole file. This tells the client what unit size we are working with
GET / HTTP/1.1
From the above example
Part 1 (GET) - this is known as the request verb and tells the server that we would like to get information
Part 2 (/) - this part tells the server which resource we want in this case we want the root directory
Part 3 (HTTP/1.1) - this part specifies the version of the HTTP protocol we would like to use in this case 1.1
describe the 3 parts that make up the request line
from a HTTP GET request
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Part 1 (the HTTP protocol version) - this notifies the client of the http version the server is using. The server can change version if it does not support the version the client is using
Part 2 (the HTTP status code) - this is a three digit status code that tells the client the outcome of the request
Part 3 (the reason phrase) - this is a human readable explanation of the status code
what are the 3 parts of the
status line
from a HTTP response
describe
dynamic web content
this is content that is changeable. the web application may keep track of
* Keep track of possibly thousands of items and customers
* Keep track of individual users
* Including there purchases
* There activity
gives the name and version of the server software
describe the
server header
from a HTTP respoonse message
when creating these the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends
meaningful domain names so that resources can be easily identified and the structure used can be recognised in the URL
what is the recommendation from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) when
creating a domain name
This informs the client on the outcome of the request and is broken into three parts separated by whitespace
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
describe the
status line
of a HTTP response
is used by a browser so that it may request information from a server
describe the HTTP GET method
describe a
static web page
this is a web page that is unchanging and every client requesting it will see the same content. it does not take into account:
* Who you are
* Where your from
* When you visit
this will resolve a
business requirement
A business requirement could include allowing customers to:
* Order goods or services
* Access email
* Exchange messages
* Bid at an online auction
* Distribute information to visitors
what does a web application resolve
what 5 aspects might affect the response time when making a request to a server
aspects include
* The server
* The servers connection to the internet
* File sizes
* The client
* The clients connection to the internet
what is the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
This standards body looks after transportation or internet delivery protocols such as http
This standards body maintains presentation languages and technologies including:
* Html
* Css
* SVG
* AJAX
* XML
* XSLT
what is the
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
describe the 3 parts that make up the request line
from a HTTP GET request
GET / HTTP/1.1
From the above example
Part 1 (GET) - this is known as the request verb and tells the server that we would like to get information
Part 2 (/) - this part tells the server which resource we want in this case we want the root directory
Part 3 (HTTP/1.1) - this part specifies the version of the HTTP protocol we would like to use in this case 1.1
- this was born from research carried out by The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANet) project of 1969. its aim was to create computer networks resillient to failure
- from the project protocols including TCP and IP were born
the internet
1. how was it born
2. what protocols did it use
what are the 3 parts of the
status line
from a HTTP response
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Part 1 (the HTTP protocol version) - this notifies the client of the http version the server is using. The server can change version if it does not support the version the client is using
Part 2 (the HTTP status code) - this is a three digit status code that tells the client the outcome of the request
Part 3 (the reason phrase) - this is a human readable explanation of the status code
a requirement from HTTP 1.1
and tells the server which host has the resource we want
this is important especially when a server has many hosts/websites
describe the
HTTP HOST header
describe the HTTP GET method
is used by a browser so that it may request information from a server
1xx - this is information status codes
2xx - this is a success status code
3xx - this status code means that the resource has been moved and information of where it can be found may be given
4xx - this indicates a client error (404 code, which indicates that the requested resource was not found)
5xx - this indicates that there was a server side error
describe the HTTP status codes beginning with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
what is the
Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG)
Born in 2004 works with the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in maintaining and evolving html and other technologies that are a fundamental part of a web platform
describe the
date header
from a HTTP respoonse message
shows the date and time that the response message was created
This standards body looks after transportation or internet delivery protocols such as http
what is the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
describe the
HTTP HOST header
a requirement from HTTP 1.1
and tells the server which host has the resource we want
this is important especially when a server has many hosts/websites
the internet
1. how was it born
2. what protocols did it use
- this was born from research carried out by The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANet) project of 1969. its aim was to create computer networks resillient to failure
- from the project protocols including TCP and IP were born
this is made up of:
* Status line
* Header lines
* Body
what 3 parts is a HTTP response message made up of
the time between requesting a resource and it being delivered
what is
response time
what does a web application resolve
this will resolve a
business requirement
A business requirement could include allowing customers to:
* Order goods or services
* Access email
* Exchange messages
* Bid at an online auction
* Distribute information to visitors
these include:
* Ensure the website is loaded as fast as possible
* Ensure users can easily find what they are looking for (usability)
* The web application is tested and delivered to schedule
* Built so that it can be maintained and expanded when needed
* Be scalable and responsive
what 5 things should be kept in mind when developing a web application
aspects include
* The server
* The servers connection to the internet
* File sizes
* The client
* The clients connection to the internet
what 5 aspects might affect the response time when making a request to a server
is a markup language that allows us to present and structure information. within it can be embedded:
* text
* images
* videos
* scripts
describe
hypertext markup language
describe the
HTTP accept header
this tells the server which type of resources we can accept. we may also set a priority on resources
This lets the server know which resources we are interested in. It is made up of three parts separated by white space
GET / HTTP/1.1
describe the
request line
from a HTTP GET request
what 4 things happen when a server receives a
HTTP GET request
when this is received by a server it wil:
1.Check that it can find the resource that is given in the GET message
2.Check that the user has the permissions to access that resource
3.Create a response
4.Send the response back to the client with the resource
what is the recommendation from the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) when
creating a domain name
when creating these the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends
meaningful domain names so that resources can be easily identified and the structure used can be recognised in the URL
this ensures that the user interface is intuitive and unambiguous. essentially meaning that the user can easily navigate the web application and find what they are looking for
what is
usability
describe the
server header
from a HTTP respoonse message
gives the name and version of the server software
part of the DNS and will hold information about your domain including:
* A record (IPv4 address)
* AAAA record (IPv6 address)
what is a
name server
describe the
ETag (Entity Tag) header
from a HTTP respoonse message
used for caching purposes and validates that a locally cached resource is identical to the one stored on the server if so then the server will not send the resource and it can be found locally using the cached copy
