part 1

Question 1

gastric secretions are less _____ in the infant than the older children or adults

Answer 1

less acidic

Question 2

HCL concentration is ____ until school age

Answer 2

low

Question 3

What does human milk do for the NB digestive system?

Answer 3

compensates for decreased digestive function and optimizes nutrition

Question 4

what does formula or milk do to gastric secretions

Answer 4

increases alkalinity of gastric secretions

Question 5

Why is mild occasional regurgitation of stomach contents common for the new born?

Answer 5

• cardiac sphincter of stomach is relaxed at birth

- peristaltic waves may reverse in infancy

Question 6

What can increase the rate of propulsion and peristalsis?

Answer 6

conditions like fever and diarrhea

Question 7

Infants have a deficiency of what enzymes?

Answer 7

amylase
lipase
trypsin
-enzymes are not present in sufficient quantities until 4-6 months

Question 8

All of these things: 
-liver function 
gluconeogenesis 
plasma protein
ketone formation
vitamin storage
deamination (conversion of excess amino acids into usable by-products)

Answer 8

remain immature during the first year

Question 9

What are some assessment factors for pedi GI?

Answer 9

• urine specific gravity
• episodes of apnea/resp. distress
• pain
• bowel sounds
• abd circumference
• calorie count
• electrolytes
• hydration
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• daily weight
• vitals
• I&O
• skin

Question 10

This disorder is multifactorial and has genetic and environmental causes. Two distinct defects that occur singly or in combo, defects occur during embryonic development. Failure of fusion of lateral and medial tissues forming the upper lip occurring around 7 to 9 weeks gestation.

Answer 10

cleft lip and/or palate

Question 11

What are some environmental causes of cleft lip and palate?

Answer 11

viral infx (rubella)
teratogens (steroids/anticonvulsants)
-in first trimester

Question 12

• range from simple dimple in vermillion border to complete separation from floor of the nose (unilateral or bilateral)
• can involve soft and/or hard palate

Answer 12

cleft lip and/or palate

Question 13

Who will be on the team for the management of a cleft lip and/or palate?

Answer 13

pediatrician
dentist/ortho
SLP
otolaryngologist (ENT)
audiology 
genetic counselor
nurse team coordinator
psychologist
social worker