Part 1

Question 1

CNS drugs are mainly for…. (Full)

Answer 1

its mainly for psychiatric disorders, suppresion of seizures, relief from pain, and production of anetsthesia. It has 21 compounds that serves as neurotransmitters

Question 2

How neurons regulate other cells? (2 pts)

Answer 2

Axonal conduction - AP goes down the axon and mainly for pain drugs

Synaptic transmission - AP goes down bet the gap of the neuron and post-synaptic cell and mainly for CNS drugs

Question 3

6 highlighted compounds of CNS drugs

Answer 3

Monoamine (their common ingredient) epi., sera., dopa. 
Amino acid (protein based) GABA 
Others Acethycholine, histamine

Question 4

What does the blood brain barrier do?

Answer 4

It stops sudden osmolality in the brain and prevents drugs from going to the brain (because lipid solubles with specific transport system can go to the brain)

Question 5

Why children are sensitive to CNS drugs?

Answer 5

Because their organs are still developing (Like the blood brain barrier)

Question 6

Adaptations to prolonged use of CNS drugs (4 pts)

Answer 6

1. Increased therapeutic effects
2. Decreased side effects
3. Tolerance - low effect
4. Physical dependence - mainly caused by abrupt discontinuation of drug that causes withdrawal syndrome

Question 7

What is ADHD (full)?

Answer 7

Attention deficit, hyperactivity disorder
Caused by dysregulation of 3 monoamines
Characterized as inattentive of child (but hard to diagnose)

Question 8

Why ADHD is hard to diagnose in children?

Answer 8

For the reason that the parents only seek medical attention when they think that it affects ADLs

Question 9

What is narcolepsy (full)?

Answer 9

Falling asleep while doing wake activities

Question 10

Methylprenidate

Answer 10

Increases child’s attentiveness and can be used also for narcolepsy

Question 11

Modafonil

Answer 11

Treatment for narcolepsy

Question 12

Analeptics: xanthine

Answer 12

Stimulates the respiration

Question 13

Doxapram

Answer 13

Treatment for respiratory depression caused by overdose or COPD

Question 14

What is a parkinson’s disease?

Answer 14

Described as slowy progressive neurodegenerative disorder that causes tremors, rigid muscles, problems with gait and movement
It affect extrapyramidal system that affects the motor function
Substantia nigra releases small amount of dopamine (that causes problem because the effects of acethycholine will increase)

Question 15

What is the goal of treating parkinson’s even if its untreatable?

Answer 15

1. To improve ability to do ADLs

2. Improve the symptoms

Question 16

Drugs used for PD?

Answer 16

Dopaminergic drugs (inc. dopamine) and anticholinergic agents (blocks acetylcholine)

Question 17

Drug interaction when using dopaminergic drugs

Answer 17

1. Reduced when taking pyredoxine (vit b6), phenetoin, benzodiapine, reserpine, papavernine
2. MAOI increases risk for hypertension
3. Using with psychotic drugs decreases effects of levadopa
4. Amantedine increases the anticholinergic adverse effect

Question 18

What is epilepsy

Answer 18

Group of disease characterized by excessive excitability of neurons of CNS

Question 19

What is a seizure?

Answer 19

All types of epileptic events

Question 20

What is convulsion?

Answer 20

Abnormal motor phenomenon

Question 21

What are the 2 types of seizuress?

Answer 21

Partial seizure (only a part of the brain is affected) limited spread from focus to adjacent cortical area

Generalize seizure affects both hemisphere of the brain