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Chest and Abdomen > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

basic routine abdominal film is called

A

plain film of the abdomen

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2
Q

how is a plain film of the abdomen taken?

A

recumbent, A-P

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3
Q

what should a plain film of the abdomen entail?

A

symphysis pubis or slightly below

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4
Q

KUB stands for?

A

kidney, ureter, bladder

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5
Q

what are the other primary views of the abdomen?

A

A-P upright

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6
Q

special procedures that can help where plain film can’t

A 
ultrasonography
contrast medial studies
CT
angiography
nuclear medicine and MRI
fiber optics
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7
Q

tissue we can usually see because of water density outlined by oil density

A 
kidneys (upper, lower poles and lateral borders)
spleen (lower and maybe a little medial)
liver (lower border)
bladder (upper and lateral borders)
psoas muscles (lateral borders)
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8
Q

reasons we may not be able to see the water dense tissues with oil density around it

A

blurred from patient motion
superimposed gas and fecal material
adjacent fluid (blood, pus and other fluids)
abscence (congenital or surgical)

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9
Q

larger than normal structures mean that..

A

they are engorged, tumorous or swollen

overdeveloped

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10
Q

smaller than normal structures mean that..

A

they are underdeveloped

atrophied

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11
Q

hypersthenic

A

rarest type

more transverse and highly placed organs

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12
Q

asthenic

A

second rarest

giblets hang very low and are mostly in the pelvic region

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13
Q

hyposthenic

A

second MC

innards are long and low in the abdomen

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14
Q

sthenic

A

MC

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15
Q

RUQ

A

liver
right kidney
right psoas
hepatic flexure

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16
Q

LUQ

A

spleen
left kidney
left psoas
splenic flexure

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17
Q

RLQ

A

lower part of right psoas
cecum
right part of bladder

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18
Q

LLQ

A

left part of bladder

sigmoid colon

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19
Q

descriptive terms for features of calcifications based on what things look like

A 
conduits
punctate
granular
clumped
ringed/rimmed/dense at periphery
laminated
irregular in density
cloudy
homogeneously dense
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20
Q

conduits

A

track or tubular
linear streaks
paralleling or bulging

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21
Q

punctate/stippled

A

small-scattered densities

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22
Q

granular

A

very fine puncatate

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23
Q

clumped

A

packed close together

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24
Q

ringed/rimmed/denser at the periphery

A

yeah

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25
Q

laminated

A

concentric rings internally

26
Q

irregular in density

A

internal structure has varying densities/lucencies

27
Q

cloudy

A

hazy

ill-defined density

28
Q

homogeneously dense

A

same density through out it (looks solid

describe terms for shape and border

29
Q

homogeneously dense descriptive terms

A 
smooth
irregular/peaked
indistinct/ill-defined
well defined
round/oval
linear/curvilinear
30
Q

atherosclerosis of the aorta etiology

A

unknown, lunked to elevated cholesterol and triglycerides

smoking, HTN and diabetes have a stong influence

31
Q

what does atherosclerosis of the aorta appear as on xray?

A

2 parallel lines (conduit, track, tram track appearane

track is usually discontinuous, may be continuous in advanced cases

32
Q

diameter of the normal aorta

A

1 inch in diameter

1/2 the size of the vertebra behind it

33
Q

what population usually has atherosclerosis of the aorta?

A

50s and up

34
Q

what are the classifications of aneurysms

A

location
shape
true or false

35
Q

location of aneurysm

A

ascending,arch, descending, thoracic, abdominal

36
Q

shape of aneurysm

A

fusiform or saccular

37
Q

true aneurysm

A

dilation of artery including the intimal layer

38
Q

false aneurysm

A

dissection causing dilation of the arterial layers external to the intima due to intimal tears

39
Q

what is a risk factor for false aneurysms?

A

HTN

40
Q

aneurysms are usually caused by?

A

atherosclerosis

41
Q

85% of patients are female or male that get aneurysms?

A

male

42
Q

what ethnicity are those who get aneurysms normally?

A

caucasian

43
Q

AAAs occur at what age usually?

A

60-80

44
Q

what percents of aneurysms show a calcific rim?

A

75-86%

45
Q

are aneurysms usually fusiform or saccular (eccentric)?

A

fusiform

46
Q

fusiform

A

gradual widening

47
Q

saccular

A

abrupt bulge that is usually asymmetrical

48
Q

what is the usual location for an aneurysm?

A

L2-4
between the renal and common iliac arteries
AP view it will e to the left of the spine

49
Q

what is considered dilated for an aneurysm?

A

3cm

50
Q

what size of aneurysms usually apt to rupture?

A

> 5cm

7cm usually do rupture

51
Q

how might a rupture be indicated on a radiograph?

A

marked change in location of calcific plaques on a follow-up film
soft tissue mass
loss of psoas muscle or kidney shadow

52
Q

are aneurysms usually symptomatic or asymptomacit?

A

asymptomatic

53
Q

wha can the pains be for an aneurysm?

A

low back pain
abdominal pain
flank pain
presence of pain indicates pending rupture

54
Q

what are the clinical findings for an aneurysm?

A

bruit over or near the dilation
aneurysms are plapable in 90%
decreased pedal pulse

55
Q

what might you see on a film with a commmon iliac artery atherosclerosis and anerysm?

A

AP film- diverging tracks of calcification over L4-sarum or a ring when seen on end
anterior to the spine on lateral film
narrower plaeuing than aorta

56
Q

describe splenic artery atherosclerosis

A 
wavy contour, tortuous
males over 50
more often occurs than aneurysms in females
pregnancy increases rupture rate
almost all sacular
isolated rim
57
Q

phleboliths

A

calcified venous thrombi

58
Q

where are phleboliths usually found?

A

pelvic rim below ischial spines

in hemangiomas of soft tissue structures

59
Q

what should you suspect if phleboliths are not in the pelvic rim or are midline?

A

enlarging mass

60
Q

what else can shift phleboliths inferiorly or lateralyy?

A

distended bladder

Chest and Abdomen (4 decks)

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