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Chest and Abdomen > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

basic routine abdominal film is called

A

plain film of the abdomen

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2
Q

how is a plain film of the abdomen taken?

A

recumbent, A-P

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3
Q

what should a plain film of the abdomen entail?

A

symphysis pubis or slightly below

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4
Q

KUB stands for?

A

kidney, ureter, bladder

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5
Q

what are the other primary views of the abdomen?

A

A-P upright

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6
Q

special procedures that can help where plain film can’t

A 
ultrasonography
contrast medial studies
CT
angiography
nuclear medicine and MRI
fiber optics
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7
Q

tissue we can usually see because of water density outlined by oil density

A 
kidneys (upper, lower poles and lateral borders)
spleen (lower and maybe a little medial)
liver (lower border)
bladder (upper and lateral borders)
psoas muscles (lateral borders)
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8
Q

reasons we may not be able to see the water dense tissues with oil density around it

A

blurred from patient motion
superimposed gas and fecal material
adjacent fluid (blood, pus and other fluids)
abscence (congenital or surgical)

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9
Q

larger than normal structures mean that..

A

they are engorged, tumorous or swollen

overdeveloped

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10
Q

smaller than normal structures mean that..

A

they are underdeveloped

atrophied

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11
Q

hypersthenic

A

rarest type

more transverse and highly placed organs

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12
Q

asthenic

A

second rarest

giblets hang very low and are mostly in the pelvic region

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13
Q

hyposthenic

A

second MC

innards are long and low in the abdomen

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14
Q

sthenic

A

MC

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15
Q

RUQ

A

liver
right kidney
right psoas
hepatic flexure

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16
Q

LUQ

A

spleen
left kidney
left psoas
splenic flexure

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17
Q

RLQ

A

lower part of right psoas
cecum
right part of bladder

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18
Q

LLQ

A

left part of bladder

sigmoid colon

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19
Q

descriptive terms for features of calcifications based on what things look like

A 
conduits
punctate
granular
clumped
ringed/rimmed/dense at periphery
laminated
irregular in density
cloudy
homogeneously dense
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20
Q

conduits

A

track or tubular
linear streaks
paralleling or bulging

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21
Q

punctate/stippled

A

small-scattered densities

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22
Q

granular

A

very fine puncatate

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23
Q

clumped

A

packed close together

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24
Q

ringed/rimmed/denser at the periphery

A

yeah

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25
laminated
concentric rings internally
26
irregular in density
internal structure has varying densities/lucencies
27
cloudy
hazy | ill-defined density
28
homogeneously dense
same density through out it (looks solid | describe terms for shape and border
29
homogeneously dense descriptive terms
``` smooth irregular/peaked indistinct/ill-defined well defined round/oval linear/curvilinear ```
30
atherosclerosis of the aorta etiology
unknown, lunked to elevated cholesterol and triglycerides | smoking, HTN and diabetes have a stong influence
31
what does atherosclerosis of the aorta appear as on xray?
2 parallel lines (conduit, track, tram track appearane | track is usually discontinuous, may be continuous in advanced cases
32
diameter of the normal aorta
1 inch in diameter | 1/2 the size of the vertebra behind it
33
what population usually has atherosclerosis of the aorta?
50s and up
34
what are the classifications of aneurysms
location shape true or false
35
location of aneurysm
ascending,arch, descending, thoracic, abdominal
36
shape of aneurysm
fusiform or saccular
37
true aneurysm
dilation of artery including the intimal layer
38
false aneurysm
dissection causing dilation of the arterial layers external to the intima due to intimal tears
39
what is a risk factor for false aneurysms?
HTN
40
aneurysms are usually caused by?
atherosclerosis
41
85% of patients are female or male that get aneurysms?
male
42
what ethnicity are those who get aneurysms normally?
caucasian
43
AAAs occur at what age usually?
60-80
44
what percents of aneurysms show a calcific rim?
75-86%
45
are aneurysms usually fusiform or saccular (eccentric)?
fusiform
46
fusiform
gradual widening
47
saccular
abrupt bulge that is usually asymmetrical
48
what is the usual location for an aneurysm?
L2-4 between the renal and common iliac arteries AP view it will e to the left of the spine
49
what is considered dilated for an aneurysm?
3cm
50
what size of aneurysms usually apt to rupture?
>5cm | 7cm usually do rupture
51
how might a rupture be indicated on a radiograph?
marked change in location of calcific plaques on a follow-up film soft tissue mass loss of psoas muscle or kidney shadow
52
are aneurysms usually symptomatic or asymptomacit?
asymptomatic
53
wha can the pains be for an aneurysm?
low back pain abdominal pain flank pain presence of pain indicates pending rupture
54
what are the clinical findings for an aneurysm?
bruit over or near the dilation aneurysms are plapable in 90% decreased pedal pulse
55
what might you see on a film with a commmon iliac artery atherosclerosis and anerysm?
AP film- diverging tracks of calcification over L4-sarum or a ring when seen on end anterior to the spine on lateral film narrower plaeuing than aorta
56
describe splenic artery atherosclerosis
``` wavy contour, tortuous males over 50 more often occurs than aneurysms in females pregnancy increases rupture rate almost all sacular isolated rim ```
57
phleboliths
calcified venous thrombi
58
where are phleboliths usually found?
pelvic rim below ischial spines | in hemangiomas of soft tissue structures
59
what should you suspect if phleboliths are not in the pelvic rim or are midline?
enlarging mass
60
what else can shift phleboliths inferiorly or lateralyy?
distended bladder

Chest and Abdomen (4 decks)

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