Part 1 Flashcards
sudden illness
a physical condition that requires medical attention (HA, severe allergic rxn, etc.)
injury
damage to the body from an external force (broken bone from fall)
life-threatening emergencies
illness or injury that impairs a victim’s ability to circulate oxygenated blood to all parts of the body
non life-threatening emergencies
a situation that doesn’t have an immediate impact on a victim’s ability to circulate oxygenated blood, but still requires medical attention
EMS
a network of community resources and medical personnel that provides emergency care to victims of life-threatening injury or sudden illness
recognizing that an emergency exists
unusual noises, sights, odors, appearance or behavior
describe your role in an emergency situation
recognising an emergency exists
deciding to act
taking action by calling 911 or the local emergency number
giving care until medical help arrives
5 common barriers to action that may prevent people from responding to emergencies.
presence of bystanders uncertainty about victim nature of injury or illness fear of disease transmission fear of not knowing what to do or doing something wrong being unsure of when to call 911
what should you put in an emergency kit?
important information about your and family in a handy place
medical insurance up to date
does your community have 911?
teach children how to call when they are old enough
keep emergency numbers listed in handy place
keep first aid kit readily available
barriers of action
reasons for not acting or for hesitating to act in an emergency situation
citizen responder
a layperson who recognizes an emergency and decides to act
emergency
a situation requiring immeidate action
EMS personnel
trained and equipped community-based personnel who provide emergency care for ill or injured victims and who are often dispatched through a local mergency number
EMS system
nnetwork of community resources and medical personnel that provides emergency care to victims injury or sudden illness
EMT
person who has successfully completed a state approved emergency medical technician training program
first aid
immeidate care given to a victim of injury or sudden illness until more advanced care can be obtained
first responder
a person trained iin emergency care that may be called on to givesuch care as a routine part of their job
good samaritan laws
laws that protect people who willingly give first aid without accepting anything in return
3 emergency action steps
check the scene and victim
call 911 or local emergency number
care for the victim
when to call 911 or emergency number
victim is unconscious or altered levels of consciousness trouble breathing chest discomfort bleeding severely pressure/pain in abdomen vomiting blood/passing blood seizure more than 5 min/more than 1 seizure seizure and is pregnant or diabetic fails to regain consciousness after seizure severe headache, slurred speech poisoned injury to head, neck ro back severe burn
situations to call EMS for
fire/explosion presence of poisonous gas downed electrical wires swiftly moving or rapidly rising water motor vehicle collisions victims who cannot be moved easily
EMS callers will ask
exact address or location and name of city or town
phone number and address from which call is made
caller’s name
what happened
number of people involved
condition of victims
care being given
do NOT hang up until caller says so
if you have a bystander call for you, give them info needed and have them report back to you
care for the victim
care for life threatening victims first
watch for changes in level of consciousness and breathing
help victim rest comfortably, keep from gettig chilled or overheated
reassure victim
4 conditions considered life threatening in an emergency situation
unconscious
trouble breathing
no signs of life and, for children and infants, no pulse
severe bleeding
when should you call first?
unconsciousness older than 12
witnessed sudden collapse of child or infant
unconscious child or infant with heart problems
when should you care first?
unconsciousness younger than 12
drowning
list 4 conditions that must be present for disease transmissions to occur
pathogen present
enough of the pathogen present to cause disease
pathogen pases through the correct entry site
person is susceptible to pathogen
identify 2 ways in whcih a pathogen can enter the body
direct contact transmission
indirect contact transmission
direct contact transmission
occurs when infect blood or body fluids from one person ener another person’s body at a correct entry site
indirect contact transmission
occurs when a person touches objects that hae the blood or body fluid of an infected person and that infected blood or body fluid enters the body through a correct entry site
- Describe how to minimize the risk of disease transmission when giving care in a situation that involved invisible blood
o Wash the exposed area as quickly as possible. Notify professional on the scene that you have been exposed. Seek medical attention
o Consent
permission to give care, given by the victim to the rescuer
Tell victim who you are, your level of training, the care you would like to give
o Implied consent-
legal concept that assumes a person would consent to receive emergency care if he or she were physically able to do so
- Describe the purpose of Good Samaritan laws
o To protect those who respond to emergency care to an ill or injured person without expecting anything in return
o To encourage people to help others in emergency situations
- List 6 situations in which moving a victim is necessary
o Fire o Presence of toxic gas o Risk of drowning o Risk of explosion o A collapsing structure o Uncontrollable traffic hazards
- List 5 limitations you should be aware of before you attempt to move someone
o Dangerous conditions at the scene o The size of your victim o Your physical ability o Whether others can help you o The victim’s condition
- Guidelines for moving a victim
o Only attempt to move a person you are sure you can comfortably handle
o Bend your body at the knees and hips
o Lift with legs, not back
o When possible, move forward rather than backward
o Walk carefully, use short steps
o Always look where you are going
o Support victims head, neck and back if necessary
o Avoid bending or twisting victim with a possible head, neck or back injury
o Walking assist
place victim’s arm across your shoulders and hold it in place with one hand. Support victim with other hand around the waist. The second rescuer (if present) supports the victim in the same way on other side. Do NOT do it the victim has a head, neck or back injury.
o Pack-strap carry
position self with your back to the victim, back straight, knees bend, so your shoulders fit victim’s armpits. Cross victim’s arms in front of you and grasp the wrists. Lean forward slightly and pull the victim up and onto your back
o Two-person seat carry-
requires a second responder. One arm behind victim’s thighs and other across the victim’s back. Interlock your arms with those of the second rescuer behind the victim’s legs and across the victim’s back.
o Clothes drag-
grab victim’s clothing behind neck, gathering enough to secure a firm grip. Pull victim to safety
- Demonstrate how to remove disposable gloves
o Pinch the glove at the wrist, being careful to touch only glove’s outer surface
o Pull glove toward the fingertips without completely removing it
o Glove is now partly inside out
o With your partially gloved hand, pinch the outside surface of the second glove
o Pull the second glove toward the fingertips until it is inside out and then remove it completely
o Grasp both gloves with your free hand
o Touch only the clean interior surface of the glove
o After removing both gloves, discard gloves in appropriate container, wash your hands thoroughly
- How to correctly wash hands
o Wet hands with water o Apply liquid soap to your hands o Rub hands vigorously for at least 15 seconds o Rinse hands with water o Dry hands with paper towel o Turn off faucet with paper towel
- Personal protective equipment-
equipment that helps keep you from directly contracting infected materials
- If a blood spill occurs
clean up the spill immediately or as soon as possible after the spill occurs
o Use disposable gloves and other personal protective equipment when cleaning up spills
o Wipe up the spill with paper towels or other absorbent materials
o After the area has been wiped, flood area with a solution of 1 ½ c liquid chlorine bleach to 1 gallon of fresh water. Let stand for at least 10 minutes
o Dispose of the contaminated material used to clean up the spill in a labeled biohazard container
