Part 1

Question 0

Genes

Answer 0

Sequences of DNA transcribed into RNA molecules

Question 1

Genome

Answer 1

Complete DNA set of an organism

Question 2

Proofreading

Answer 2

Mechanical that corrects errors in replication as DNA polymerase makes them

Question 3

Mismatch repair

Answer 3

Mechanism that scans DNA immediately after it has been replicated and corrects any base-pairing mismatches

Question 4

Excision repair

Answer 4

Mechanism that removes abnormal bases that have formed because of chemical damage and replaces them with functional bases

Question 5

Evolution

Answer 5

Change in genetic composition of POPULATIONS over time

Question 6

Descent with modification

Answer 6

Darwin terms as species with common ancestors gradually diverged from each other over time

Question 7

Gene pool

Answer 7

Sum of all copies of all alleles loci found in a population

Question 8

Locus

Answer 8

Particular site on a chromosome

Question 9

Allele frequency vs. Genotype frequency

Answer 9

Proportion of each allele in the gene pool VS. Proportion of each genotype among the individuals in the population

Question 10

Artificial selection

Answer 10

Purposeful selection of specific phenotypes by humans

Question 11

Positive vs. Purifying selection

Answer 11

Selection for beneficial changes VS. Selection against deleterious changes

Question 12

Chromatin

Answer 12

Complex of DNA and proteins

Question 13

Nucleosomes

Answer 13

Bead-like units of DNA-histone or histone-histone interactions

Question 14

Kinetochores

Answer 14

Specialized 3 layered structures developed on the centromere region of each chromatid during late prophase

Question 15

Daughter chromosomes

Answer 15

Have their own centromeres; chromatids after separation

Question 16

Homologous pair

Answer 16

Pair of sister chromosomes that are similar in size and appearance and form a tetrad

Question 17

Aneuploidy

Answer 17

One or more chromosomes are either lacking or present in excess in a cell