Part 1 Flashcards
▪ Movement of people from one place to
another
▪ Reflects changing world conditions
Human Migration
Human Migration Impacts cultural landscapes of:
▪ Places people leave
▪ Places people settle
A type of human migration where it is moving within a state, country, or continent
Internal Migration
A type of human migration where it is moving to a different state, country, or continent
External Migration
A type of human migration where it is leaving a country to move to another
Emigration
A type of human migration where it is entering a new country to live
Immigration
A type of human migration where it is moving back to where you came from
Return Migration
A type of human migration where it is moving due to labor or climate conditions
Seasonal Migration
A category of people who migrate where it leaves one country to live in another
Emigrant
A category of people who migrate where it enters a new country to make a home
Immigrant
A category of people who migrate where it moves due to problems in their former home
Refugee
A reason for migrating where these are the problems causing people to leave (e.g., food shortages, war, floods) - negativity/adversity
Push Factors
A reason for migrating where these are the attractions of a new place (e.g., better jobs, climate, resources) - positive, attraction
Pull Factors
Three Reasons for Migrating
Push Factor
Pull Factor
Other Factor
Six Types of Human Migration
▪ Internal Migration
▪ External Migration
▪ Emigration
▪ Immigration
▪ Return Migration
▪ Seasonal Migration
IEEIRS
What are some other factors for the reasons for a person go migrate?
- Displacement by natural disasters
- Lack of natural resources
- Economic conditions
the study of human population, primarily how birth, death, and migration have an effect on their size, structure and development.
Demography
Demography (origin/context of the word)
From Ancient Greek
- Dêmos – people, society
- -graphía – writing, description
Literal translation: description of the people
Describe demography during Mercantilism (17th Century)
▪ Large population means economic
growth
▪ Economic growth means power
▪ Dense population lead economies
of scale and specialization in
manufacturing
▪ European populations began to recover from the Black Death (14th century) and previous plagues.
▪ The goal was to maintain a favorable balance of trade—exporting more than importing—to accumulate gold and silver.
Three Factors Affecting Population Change
- Migration
- Birth Rate
- Death Rate
the number of births per
1,000 people during a given year.
Crude Birth Rate
the number of actual births per 1,000 women between the ages of 15 and 44.
Fertility Rate
total fertility rate necessary to replace the current population (successor in the next generation).
Replacement level fertility
the average length of life that would be observed in a population considering the prevailing mortality risks at each age continued indefinitely.
Life Expectancy at Birth
the average number of years of life
remaining for an individual of a given age.
Life Expectancy
the probability of death in the
first year of life.
Infant Mortality Rate
the number of deaths per 1,000
people during a given year
Crude Death Rate
The number of persons coming in and out of the country.
Migration Rate
the difference between the number of persons entering (immigrants) and those leaving (emigrants)
Net Migration
Formula of Population Pyramid
Sex Ratio (ratio of males to females (age influenced and migration influenced indicator) + Age Distribution Patterns
Relevance of Population Pyramid (and Demography in general)
- It is a powerful tool in policy and
program analysis. - Population pyramid reflects growth rates.
Growth Rates can:
▪ Predict societal shifts: insights into changing values and social forces.
▪ Reveal economic opportunities
▪ Reveal how the economic system will be affected (land and housing opportunities, unemployment, health and medical service demands)
PRR
An essential part of policy analysis because of the social, economic, cultural, and political impacts of the changes in fertility, mortality, and migration.
Demography
- Statistical manipulation of data
relating to purely demographic
variables - Refinement of analytical techniques
to measure these events
Formal Demography
study of fertility, mortality &
migration in its social, economic and
behavioral context
Population Studies
How do you acquire the figures in migration?
▪ National census
▪ Civil registrars
▪ Disease and other health statistics
▪ Emigration and immigration figures
▪ Sample surveys
▪ Interviews
NCDESI
Consequences of Rapid Growth
▪ Depletes Resources:
- Food supply consumed at a rapid rate
▪ Affects Living Standards:
- Strains employment capacity
- Sacrifices public services
▪ Leads to Overcrowding:
- Environmental risks increase
- Basic needs become harder to sustain
DAlO
How to prevent population increase?
(Thomas Robert Malthus)
Moral Restraint
* Late marriage
* Abstinence from sexual intercourse after marriage
Misery
* Famine
* Pestilence
* War
Vice
* Abortion
* Contraception
* Extramarital sex
MMV
Key Concepts in Population Studies and Intervention
Population which considers the following:
Size
* How many people are desirable for economic stability and growth?
Space
* Urbanization vs. Rural models: Where should people live?
* The state’s role in determining population distribution.
Composition
* Should migration be encouraged?
* Should the state have more skilled labor?
Example of Positive Policies
- Eugenic/racial theories (Singapore and Nazi Germany)- this is problematic/ controversial
- Pro-family policies
- Multi-ethnicity policies
- Refugee policies
- Pro-immigration/emigration
policies - Decentralization
Example of Negative Policies
- Birth control information
- Divorce
- Abortion
- Sexism and gender discrimination
- Bar on immigration
demographic indicator that tells the average number of children a woman will bear during her reproductive life given prevailing rates of fertility.
Total Fertility Rate
the number of years a person would live if
prevailing patterns of mortality for all people at the time of his or her birth
were to stay the same throughout his or her life.
Life Expectancy at Birth
expresses the probability of death in the first year of life.
Infant Mortality Rate
