part 1

Question 1

What is an Arraignment?

Answer 1

Defendants are again notified of their rights and are asked to enter a plea.

Question 2

What is Criminology?

Answer 2

The scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishments of offenders.

Question 3

What is a Preliminary Hearing?

Answer 3

A step in the pretrial activities that a judicial officer determines if a crime has been committed.

Question 4

What is a Public Safety Advocate?

Answer 4

One who believes that under certain circumstances involving a criminal threat to public safety, the interests of society should take precedence over individual rights.

Question 5

What does the Sixth Amendment concern?

Answer 5

It is concerned with the defendant’s right to a trial by jury.

Question 6

What are Race and Ethnicity in discussions?

Answer 6

Buzz words that people use when discussing Multiculturalism.

Question 7

What are Individual rights?

Answer 7

The rights guaranteed to all members of American society by the US Constitution, particularly important to criminal defendants facing formal processing by the criminal justice system.

Question 8

What is the primary purpose of a Preliminary Hearing?

Answer 8

To establish whether sufficient evidence exists against a person to continue the justice process.

Question 9

What is Concurrent sentencing?

Answer 9

Two or more sentences imposed at the same time, after conviction for more than one offense, and served at the same time.

Question 10

Who is James Eagan Holmes?

Answer 10

Known for his deadly attack in Aurora, Colorado.

Question 11

What does Diversity refer to?

Answer 11

It is used in conjunction with Multiculturalism.

Question 12

What is Social Justice?

Answer 12

An ideal that embraces all aspects of civilized life and that is linked to fundamental notions of fairness and to cultural beliefs about right and wrong.

Question 13

What does Due Process require?

Answer 13

The US Constitution requires that criminal justice case processing be conducted with fairness and equity.

Question 14

How is a Trial defined?

Answer 14

A trial is defined as criminal proceedings; the examination in court of the issues of fact and relevant law in a case for the purpose of convicting or acquitting the defendant.

Question 15

What is the Crime-control model?

Answer 15

The crime-control model is a criminal justice perspective that emphasizes the efficient arrest and conviction of criminal offenders.

Question 16

What are the categories used by UCR and NIBRS?

Answer 16

The UCR and NIBRS separate crime into two categories.

Question 17

What is identity theft?

Answer 17

The crime in which an imposter obtains key pieces of information, such as Social Security and driver’s license numbers, to obtain credit, merchandise, and services in the name of the victim.

Question 18

What is larceny/theft?

Answer 18

The unlawful taking or attempted taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property, from the possession or constructive possession of another.

Question 19

What are the two major sources of national crime statistics?

Answer 19

The Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR) and the National Crime Victimization Survey of the Bureau of Justice Statistics.

Question 20

What are Part 2 offenses?

Answer 20

UCR/NIBRS offense group reporting arrests for less serious offenses.

Question 21

What does NCVS stand for?

Answer 21

National Crime Victimization Survey.

Question 22

What is the NCVS?

Answer 22

A crime survey that relies on door-to-door surveys for its statistical data.

Question 23

What is the Bureau of Justice Statistics?

Answer 23

The agency responsible for the collection of criminal justice data, including the annual National Crime Victimization Survey.

Question 24

What are the three types of violent crimes listed?

Answer 24

Aggravated Assault, Rape, Murder

Question 25

What is Cyberstalking?

Answer 25

The use of the internet, email, and other electronic communication technologies to bully another person.

Question 26

When did the US Congress authorize the attorney general to gather and publish the Uniform Crime Reports?

Answer 26

1930

Question 27

What is Aggravated Assault?

Answer 27

The unlawful, intentional inflicting, or attempted or threatened inflicting, of serious injury upon the person of another.

Question 28

What are some offenses that fall under Larceny?

Answer 28

Bicycle thefts, Shoplifting, Thefts from motor vehicles.

Question 29

Who is a notable White-Collar Criminal?

Answer 29

R. Allen Stanford, convicted in 2012 of 13 criminal counts.

Question 30

What are Flash robs?

Answer 30

When social media directs people - often teenagers - to go to retail stores and rob.

Question 31

What is the Clearance Rate?

Answer 31

A traditional measure of investigative effectiveness that compares the number of crimes reported or discovered to the number of crimes solved through arrest or other means.

Question 32

What does the Psychological School in criminology focus on?

Answer 32

It views offensive and deviant behavior as the product of dysfunctional personality.

Question 33

Who is known as the father of modern criminology?

Answer 33

Lombroso.

Question 34

What is the Classical School?

Answer 34

An eighteenth-century approach to crime causation and criminal responsibility that emphasizes free will and reasonable punishments.

Question 35

What is Chromosome theory?

Answer 35

An example when the Newtown, Connecticut school shooter, Adam Lanza's DNA was tested to determine "if he possessed any genetic abnormalities that could have led to his violent behavior" in 2013. ## Footnote Example of genetic testing related to violent behavior.

Question 36

What is Postmodern criminology?

Answer 36

A branch of criminology that was developed after WWII and that builds on the tenets of postmodern social thought.

Question 37

What is Social Process Theory?

Answer 37

A perspective on criminological thought that highlights the process of interaction between individuals and society.

Question 38

What is Conflict Theory?

Answer 38

A theoretical approach that holds that crime is the natural consequence of economic and other social inequalities.

Question 39

What is Personality in criminology?

Answer 39

The relatively stable characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique, and that influence that person's behavior.

Question 40

What is the Chicago School?

Answer 40

A sociological approach that emphasizes demographics and geographics, and that characterizes delinquency areas as a major cause of criminality and victimization.

Question 41

What is Atavism?

Answer 41

Condition characterized by the existence of features thought to be common in earlier stages of human evolution.

Question 42

What is a Theory?

Answer 42

A set of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe, explain, predict, and ultimately control some class of events.

Question 43

What is Psychoanalysis?

Answer 43

Psychological theory Sigmund Freud is most closely related to.

Question 44

What Merton category does a law abiding citizen fall into?

Answer 44

Conformist

Question 45

What is Behavioral Conditioning?

Answer 45

A psychological principle that holds that the frequency of any behavior can be increased or decreased through reward, punishment, and association with other stimuli.

Question 46

What is Psychoanalysis?

Answer 46

Theory of human behavior, based on the writings of Sigmund Freud, that sees personality as a complex composite of interacting mental entities.

Question 47

What does the US Constitution prohibit regarding laws?

Answer 47

The enactment of Ex Post Facto laws which make acts committed before the laws in question were passed punishable as crimes.

Question 48

What does Corpus Delicti mean?

Answer 48

The Latin term that indicates that a crime has been committed and literally means the body of the crime.

Question 49

What do civil lawsuits typically seek?

Answer 49

Compensation

Question 50

What is the legal principle that ensures previous judicial decisions are incorporated into future decisions?

Answer 50

Precedent

Question 51

What is a justification defense?

Answer 51

Self-defense

Question 52

What are examples of felonies?

Answer 52

Robbery, Murder, Rape (not simple assault)

Question 53

What is the Durham Rule?

Answer 53

Created in 1871, basis for gauging insanity defense, still used today in our court system.

Question 54

What is the belief that a society must be governed by established principles to maintain order?

Answer 54

Rule of Law

Question 55

What is a criminal's reason for committing a crime?

Answer 55

Motive

Question 56

What is a legal defense in which the defendant admits to committing the act in question but claims it was necessary in order to avoid some greater evil?

Answer 56

Justification

Question 57

What must first be established before a person may be charged with a crime?

Answer 57

Actus Reus

Question 58

What type of defense is characterized by a reduced ability to understand the nature of the act?

Answer 58

Diminished Capacity

Question 59

What type of law is based on the assumption that acts injure not just individuals, but society as a whole?

Answer 59

Criminal Law

Question 60

What type of law occurs when public order is compromised for wrongs against society as a whole?

Answer 60

Criminal Law

Question 61

What is the state of mind that accompanies a criminal act?

Answer 61

Mens Rea