part 1 Flashcards
1
Q
define oral flora
A
microorganisms inhabiting the oral cavity and live together in a symbiotic relationship
2
Q
what are non-mineralized deposits
A
acquire pellicle
materia alba
food debris
3
Q
what is needed for plaque to adhere in the oral cavity
A
rough surface, crowded teeth and appliances
4
Q
identify why calculus is a threat to the oral cavity
A
provides a rough surface where biofilm can stick
5
Q
define calculus
A
mineralized plaque
6
Q
define materia alba
A
soft mixture of bacteria and salivary proteins, food material and dead tissue
7
Q
define plaque
A
sticky film of bacteria on the teeth
8
Q
describe the evaluation process needed of the client prior to coronal polish
A
extrinsic stains
contraindications
9
Q
what oral aid would you use to instruct a patient in keeping a furcation area free of plaque
A
interdental brush
10
Q
define apexification
A
how the root develops
11
Q
define apexogenesis
A
root development and treatment
12
Q
what type of plaque thrives supragingivally
A
cariogenic plaque
13
Q
list types of extrinsic stains
A
coffee
chlorhexidine
green stain
black stain
tobacco
14
Q
what type of stain is enamel hypoplasia
A
endogenous intrinsic
15
Q
list common factors of cariogenic bacteria
A
produces acids
16
Q
what is the proper equation for dental caries to occur
A
sugar + bacteria = acid
-> acid + tooth = decay
17
Q
describe the caries development rate
A
rate of demineralization has to be stronger than remineralization
18
Q
what does the pH level of plaque affect
A
the lower the pH level, it affects your demineralization rate
19
Q
how long does it take for gingivitis to evelop if plaque is left undisturbed
A
10 days
20
Q
why are glycoproteins formed
A
it is the main component for acquire pellicle and is always in saliva
21
Q
when is topical fluoride applications recommended
A
after polishing and for people that are high risk and people with no access
22
Q
why do you ask a client to chew on a fluoride tray during the application of fluoride
A
to squeeze the fluoride over all tooth surfaces
23
Q
what is the mechanical removal of calculus, debris, plaque and stain of coronal surfaces and gingival sulci called
A
prophylaxis
24
Q
post op for fluoride treatment
A
instruct patient not to rinse, eat or drink or brush teeth for at least 30 minutes
25
why is systemic fluoride beneficial
strengthens the enamel of developing teeth and bones
26
what is the recommended concentration of fluoride in municipal water
1.0 ppm
27
what does topical fluoride provide to the teeth
helps control caries by slowing down demineralization and enhances remineralization
28
what does coronal polish remove
stains, plaque and debris
29
what do you do with the rubber cup after the polish
thrown out
30
why do you add a wetting agent to an abrasive
it reduces frictional heat during polishing which can cause pulpal damage
31
what is the grasp used for a handpiece
pen grasp
32
what areas of the tooth are most effectively cleaned with a prophy cup
buccal surfaces
33
what is the correct stroke used for a prophy cup
short overlapping intermittant strokes
34
how does tissue traumatized by a prophy cup look
red
irritated
bleeding
35
list the signs of periodontal disease
red, swollen gingiva
bleeding gingiva from brushing and flossing
loose or separating teeth
pain or pressure when chewing
pus
36
what is pregnancy gingivits is a result off
increased severity of gingivitis due to hormones fluctuation
37
describe juvenile periodontitis
bone loss that suggests more aggresive and rapod progession
38
what is a systemic factor that contributes to periodontal break down
genetic disorders
diabetes
obesity
osteoporosis
smoking
medications
cancer
39
list the signs and symptoms of gingivitis
redness
swelling
increased heat
pain
disturbance of function
40
what are the characteristics of healthy gingivitis
pink
round papilla
sulcus less than 3mm
no bleeding
stippled
41
what is the first type of bone lost in periodontal disease
compact bone
42
list the tissues of the periodontium
alveolar bone
cementum
periodontal ligament
dentogingival junction
gingiva
43
what motion is used in the bass technique to clean the occlusal surface
back and forth
44
what does cariogenic mean
substance causing tooth decay
45
what is an oral irrigator
reduces bacteria levels in subgingival and interproximal areas
46
who should use an electric toothbrush
people with reduced dexterity but everyone can use it
47
what motion is used in the bass method
wiggle back and forth
48
how do you get the floss through the contact points
use index and thumb to slide floss between the teeth
49
when a client is firt taught proper oral hygiene, how often should disclosing tablets be used
once a week
50
what nutrient can cause the development of plaque caries
fermentable carbs?
51
using the heel or toe of the totoh brush is good for cleaning what area of the teeth
linguals of the anteriors
52
what are the signs of incorrect flossing
bleeding, swelling
53
what are the uses of extension matrix bands
for class II preparation with more extensive preps
requires gingival extensions
54
what is the first tissue destroyed in periodontal disease
collagen
55
what is the main therapeutic component of dentifrice
stannous fluoride
56
what are the contributing factors of black hairy tongue
caused by an oral flora imbalance after antibitoics, then is stained by food or tobacco
57
what is the relationship between the clients mouth to your elbow
should be the same height
58
what are the uses of an end tuft brush
interproximal areas
fixed dental prostheses
difficult to reach areas
59
what is the purpose of a preservative in a dentifrice
prevents microorganisms from destroying the dentifrice in storage
60
what is the purpose of a binder in dentifrice
thickens and stabilizes formula
61
what is the first decision stage that client msut go through before habits can be changed
acknowledgement
62
what is dental jurisprudence
application of the law to the conditions by the practice
63
what is the learning ladder
unawareness
awareness
self interst
involvement
action
habit
64
know all the chemotherapy agents that can be added to mouthwash and their uses
chlorhexidine - controls plaque and gingivitis and helps with pain
65
know the methods to adapt an impression tray in the mouth
utility wax
66
67
what armementarium is used for a tofflemire placement
paper pad
tofflemire retainer
matrix band
basic 3
ball burnisher
crown and bridge scissors
68
define demineralization
loss of minerals from the tooth
69
what are the minerals found in saliva
calcium
phosphate
fluoride
70
what conditions can occur from excessive friction on a tooth
attrition
abrasion
erosion
71
what are the steps for sealant placement
clean and polish occlusal surface
rinse and dry
isolate tooth
etch tooth
rinse and dry
apply sealant and cure
examine
72
know the proper use of the oral irrigator
helps reduce bacterial levels in subgingival and interproximal areas
73
know motivational needs of your clients
result of an interal decision
74
define fulcrum
finger rest used when holding an instrument or handpiece for a specified time
75
what are the indications and contraindications for using an air powered polishing agent
indications
- requires less time
- sodium bicarbonate is less abrasive
- removes heavy stain
contraindications
- respiratory disease
- communicable infections
- immunocomporomised patients
- open wounds
76
know and understand the reasons for patient medical history and update
to ensure no medications can affect any issues, and to ensure proper medications and protocols for medical emergencies are known
77
what does ethics refer to
refers to moral discipline concerned with good and bad
78
understand and explain maslows theory
physiological needs
safety and security
love and belonging
self esteem
self actualization
79
how long until plaque starts
12-24 hours
80
how to treat partial seizure
position patient comfortable
monitor vital signs
document
81
how to treat hyperglycemia
ask when they lastate
position patient in comfortable position
call 911
provide cpr if necessary
monitor vital signs
document
82
how to treat hypoglycemia
ask when they last ate
give oral glucose
call 911
provide cpr
monitor vital signs
document
83
what is the canada food guide servings
vegetables - half plate
protein - quarter of plate
whole grains - quarter of plate
make water the drink of choice
84
how do you appear with vitamin A deficiency
dry scaly skin
85
how do you appear with vitamin B2 deficiency
cracks in corners of mouth
86
how do you appear with vitamin b6 deficiency
skin cracks
87
how do you appear with a niacin deficiency
skin disorders
88
how do you apprea with a calcium deficiency
lack of bone and tooth growth
89
how do you appear with a magnesium deficiency
muscle weakness
90
why do we polish amalgam
prevents recurrent decay and prevents deterioration of amalgam
91
understand and explain carbamide peroxide
pH - 7.35
most common in office and at home
breaks down in the mouth and forms hydrogen peroxide
92
understand and explain hydrogen peroxide
3x stronger
pH - 3.5
more common in over the counter
93
what is acid erosion of the enamel called that is caused by bacterial plaque
decalcification
94
what does apf stand for
acidulated phosphate fluoride
95
what is the name used for the oral irrigator tip
canula
96
what artery do you place the blood pressure cuff over
the rbachial artery
97
describe the classes of fractures to teeth
class I - enamel only
class II - enamel and dentin
class III - enamel dentin and pulp
98
how is an avulsed tooth stored until replantation
must be wrapped in moistened piece of cloth or towel
go immediately to dentist
99
what are the steps for bridge prep and the terminology used for insurance when payment is partially covered
patient in chair - med history
- freeze
- take impression
- shave down tooth
- pack cord
- light body and heravy body impressions
- make temp acrylic, with zoe type I
- wash and disinfect impression
- place in bag with patient name and dentist name, and date
- patients bite gets check with articulating paper
- call dental lab to pick up ekastimeric impression
- week later, lab will send the bridge
- take off the temp restoration
- clean the tooth
- place permanent in
- check bite
- cement with permanent cement
-
100
what is luxation
subluxation - loosening of tooth without displacement
luxation - loosening of tooth with displacement
101
what is intrusion
bone is displaced into the bone
102
what is extrusion
bone is displaced out the bone
103
what is avulsion
complete displacement of the tooth out of its socket due to trauma
104
how does the dental assistant assess a patient
setting a routine to each clients situation
105
how many mm of clearance from teeth to the impression tray
6mm of clearance
106
what is vitamin K responsible for
blood clotting
107
what can be used for internal for edodontically treating teeth whitening
sodium probate
108
