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Vestibular > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Preparativo Vestibular e ENEM flashcards
1
Q

vertigo and balance disorders affect ___% of the general population before 65 years

A

30%

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2
Q

What % of people over 70 years old report a significant fall/year with no major health or balance disturbance

A

40%

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3
Q

What % of people with balance disorders develop psychiatric disturbances (depression, anxiety)

A

66%

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4
Q

Over 75 what is the #1 reason for office visits and hospital admissions

A

Dizziness

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5
Q

What % of patients seen in primary care get no diagnosis for dizziness and what % of them get a prescription. What is prescription for?

A

50% seen get no diagnosis for dizziness but 70% get prescription for antivert (antivertigo meds)

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6
Q

what % of people 65 and older have experienced dizziness

A

80%

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7
Q

what % of children with SNHL have impairment of vestibular system

A

70%

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8
Q

Falls account for more than X amount of injuries in Canadians 65+

A

1/2

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9
Q

Injurious falls rank what position in leading cause of death in elderly population

A

6th

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10
Q

what are conditions that often occur with hearing limitations

A

mobility, aging and pain

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11
Q

what % of Canadians 15+ have hearing limitations and of this what % had the condition with additional limitations

A

5% and 87% had additional limitations associated with mobility aging and pain being most frequent

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12
Q

what risks do patients with Hearing loss face

A

reduced physical activity

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13
Q

What is balance (defined) 2 ways

A
  1. even distribution of weight allowing someone to stay upright and steady
  2. ability to maintain line of gravity through COG within BOS
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14
Q

how much money is spent on dizzy patients in Ontario yearly, cost in Canada annually and what is cost per patient a day, cost

A

31 million, 2 Billion annually $450

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15
Q

Center of Gravity (COG) defined

A

balancing equilibrium or pivoting point of body
- point where sum of all forces and force movements acting on body is zero

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16
Q

where is COG located

A

anterior to second sacral vertebra

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17
Q

what % of height can be measured from feet

A

55%

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18
Q

Base of Support (BOS) defined

A

area beneath person that includes every point of contact they make with supporting surface
- area b/w feet, including feet

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19
Q

what helps maintain stance better?

A

wider BOS, easier to drop COG within larger BOS than to project into narrower BOS

20
Q

Line of gravity

A

imaginary vertical line passing through COG to BOS. through body of second sacral vertebra to point b/w feet when standing

21
Q

What happens when we transition our BOS from static to dynamic

A

heel to heel distance will decrease as feet come towards midline
- toe to midline distance decrease (“toe in”)
overall effect= BOS narrows

22
Q

when does a person become less balanced

A

when the BOS is narrowed because the chance of COG falling within BOS decreases

23
Q

explain walking with COG and BOS

A

COG moves forward of BOS which is a precursor to walking and foot advances to extend the BOS
- COG moves than BOS follows

24
Q

posture (defined)

A

postition or attitude of the body, stereotypical alignment of body/limbs

25
Q

postural set

A

means of maintaining balance
- standing (static), walking (dynamic), sitting, lying etc.
-different postures for different things

26
Q

what does posture do for us

A
  1. allows body to maintain upright alignment
  2. permits efficient movement patterns (min. energy exertion)
  3. allows joints to be loaded symmetrically (distributed evenly)
27
Q

Postural control

A

act of maintaining achieving or restoring a state of balance during any posture or activity

28
Q

postural control strategies

A

can be PREDICTIVE or REACTIVE and can involve a fixed support or change in support response
- when learning something new it is often inefficient but as we get better we can use the new postural control ex., ice-skating postural control developed

29
Q

automatic activity

A

ex., walking and talking
- cognitive and energetic expense minimal

30
Q

manual mode

A

switch into this mode when we are unexpectedly out of equilibrium to prevent fall

31
Q

how is balance maintained

A

through postural alignment
- changes and adjustments made due to perturbations
maintain cog in bos

32
Q

strategies to prevent falls

A

fixed support- leaning in when turning on skates
change in support- pushing skates to extend BOS

33
Q

Limits of stability (LOS)

A

distance in any direction a subject can lean away from midline without altering BOS

34
Q

what are the determinants of LOS

A
  • firmness of BOS
  • strength and speed of muscular responses
  • range 8 degrees anteriorly & sides, 4 degrees posteriorly
  • also depends on shoe size (BOS) and height
  • taller= narrower LOS
35
Q

components of system of balance model

A

stability at center surrounded by:
Musculoskeletal system
Goal/task orientation
Central set
Environmental organization
Motor coordination
Sensory organization

36
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

ROM joints
strength/power
sensation (pain)
abnormal muscle tone (hypertonia-spasticity and hypotonia)

37
Q

Goal/task orientation

A

what is the nature of the activity/task
what are the goals

38
Q

central set

A

past experiences have created motor programs which the CNS can select to fine tune a motor experience
- brains cant do fine tuning from sratch

39
Q

environmental organization

A

nature of contact surface (texture, moving or stationary)
nature of “surrounds” regulatory features of environment ex., costume material- part of environment but not integral to task

40
Q

motor coordination

A

movement strategies
feedback and feed forward control
adjustment/tuning of strategies
ex. ballerina using different programs and putting them together demonstrates good motor coordination

41
Q

balance/postural control happens via 3 systems:

A

somatosensory, visual and vestibular

42
Q

somatosensory disconnect causes

A

seasickness

43
Q

visual/vestibular disconnect causes

A

contradictions; ex., stopped at red light car beside us moves gives illusion of movement. contradiction of movement from eyes but stillness in ears.

44
Q

postural movement is used to

A

prevent falls

45
Q

eye movement is used to

A

keep vision clear

46
Q

reflex type response

A

is ms fast
consists of sensor processor and effector (motor response)
- upper level processing would slow things down

Vestibular (13 decks)

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