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Nervous System > Part 1 > Flashcards

Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Bundle of neural processes outside the central nervous syste; a portion of the perpheral nervous system

A

Nerve

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2
Q

The extensive, intricate network of structures that activates, coordinates, and controls all functions of the body

A

Nervous system

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3
Q

Charge difference between the fluid outside and inside a cell that results in differences in the distrubution of ions

A

Resting potential

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4
Q

Junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ, where neural impulses are transmitted by electrical or chemical means

A

Synapse

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5
Q

Type of lesion of the trigeminal nerve involving facial pain

A

Trigeminal Neuraglia

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6
Q

Rapid depolarization of the cell membrane that results in propagation of the nerve impulse along the membrane

A

Action Potential

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7
Q

Sensory nerve that carries informations from the periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord

A

Afferent nerve

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8
Q

The loss of feeling or sensation resulting from the use of certain drugs or gases that serve as inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

Anesthesia

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9
Q

Type of unilateral facial paralysis involving the facial nerve

A

Bell’s Palsy

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10
Q

Motor nerve that carries information away from the brain or spinal cord to the perihery of the body

A

Efferent nerve

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11
Q

Loss of action of the facial muscles

A

Facial paralysis

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12
Q

Accumulation of neruron cell bodies outside the central nervous system

A

Ganglion

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13
Q

Supply of nerves to tissues or organs

A

Innervation

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14
Q

Cellular component of the nervous system that is individiually composed of a cell body and neural processes

A

Neuron

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15
Q

Chemical agent from the neuron that is discharged with the arrival of the action potential, diffuses across the synapse, and binds to receptors on another cell membrane

A

Neurotransmitter

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16
Q

Components of the cental nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

Components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

Consists of nerves that extend from the brain and the spinal cord

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18
Q

Spinal nerves carry impulses to and from the

A

Spinal cord

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19
Q

Cranial nerves carry impulses to and from the

A

Brain

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20
Q

Afferent nerves are

A

Sensory nerves

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21
Q

Efferent nerves are

A

Motor nerves

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22
Q

Somatic nervous system is

A

Voluntary

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23
Q

Autonomic nervous sytem is

A

Involuntary

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24
Q

Sympathetic nervous system is

A

Fight or flight

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25
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system is

A

Rest and digest

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26
Q

Symptoms of the parasympathetic division

A

Blood pressure maintained
Respiratory rates are lower
Digestive tract is actively working
Skin is warm
Pupils are constricted

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27
Q

Heart sympathetic effect

A

Increases rate and force

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28
Q

Heart parasympathetic effect

A

Decease rate and steadies heart

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29
Q

Lungs sympathetic effect

A

Dialates bronchioles

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30
Q

Lungs parasympathetic effect

A

Contstricts bronchioles

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31
Q

Blood vessels sympathetic effect

A

Constricts blood vessels in non vital viscera, skin
Dilates skeletal muscles
Increases blood pressure

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32
Q

Blood vessels parasympathetic effect

A

No effect

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33
Q

Sweat glands sympathetic effect

A

Stimulates to procude perspiration

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34
Q

Sweat glands parasympathetic effect

A

No effect

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35
Q

Serum glucose level sympathetic effect

A

Increases

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36
Q

Serum glucose level parasympathetic effect

A

Decreases

37
Q

Digestive system sympathetic effect

A

Decreases activity
Constricts anal sphincters

38
Q

Digestive system parasympathetic effect

A

Increases peristalsis
Increses secretions
Relaxes

39
Q

Urinary system sympathetic effect

A

Contricts
Decreases activity

40
Q

Unirary system parasympathetic effect

A

Relax bladder

41
Q

List the12 pairs of cranial nerves

A

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
- Ophthalmic
- Maxillary
- Mandibular
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

42
Q

What type of nerve is cranial nerve I, Olfactory?

A

Afferent

43
Q

What type of nerve is cranial nerve II, Optic?

A

Afferent

44
Q

What type of nerve is CN III, Oculomotor?

A

Efferent

45
Q

What type of nerve is CN IV, Trochlear?

A

Efferent

46
Q

What type of nerve is CN V, Trigeminal?

A

Afferent & Efferent

47
Q

What type of nerve is V1 of CN V Trigeminal, Ophthalmic?

A

Afferent

48
Q

What type of nerve is V2 of CN V Trigeminal, Maxillary?

A

Afferent

49
Q

What type of nerve is V3 of CN V, Trigeminal, Mandibular?

A

Afferent & Efferent

50
Q

What type of nerve is CN VI, Abducens?

A

Efferent

51
Q

What type of nerve is CN VII, Facial?

A

Afferent & Efferent

52
Q

What type of nerve is CN VIII, Vestibulocochlear?

A

Afferent

53
Q

What type of nerve is CN IX, Glossopharyngeal?

A

Afferent & Efferent

54
Q

What type of nerve is CN X, Vagus?

A

Afferent & Efferent

55
Q

What type of nerve is CN XI, Accessory?

A

Efferent

56
Q

What type of nerve is CN XII, Hypoglossal?

A

Efferent

57
Q

Function of CN I, Olfactory

A

Smell is transmitted from nasal mucosa to brain

58
Q

Function of CN II, Optic

A

Sight is transmitted from retina to brain

59
Q

Function of CN III, Oculomotor

A

Innervates eye muscles for eye movement

60
Q

Function of CN IV, Trochlear

A

Innervate eye muesles for eye movement

61
Q

Function of CN V Trigeminal VI division, Ophthalmic

A

Sensation to upper face and scalp

62
Q

Function of CN V Trigeminal VII division, Maxillary

A

Sensation to middle face

63
Q

Function of CN V Trigeminal VIII division, Mandibular

A

Afferent: sensation to lower face

Efferent: innervates mastication and cranial muscles

64
Q

Function of CN VI, Abducens

A

Lateral eye movements

65
Q

Function of CN VII, Facial

A

Afferent: Sensation to skin behind ear, body of tongue, taste buds

Efferent: Innervates muscles of facial expression

Parasympathetic: innervaets lacrimal gland, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

66
Q

Function of CN VIII, Vestibulocochlear

A

Hearing and balance of inner ear to brain

67
Q

Function of CN IX, Glossopharyngeal

A

Afferent: Senstation to oropharynx, base of tongue, taste, “gag reflex”

Efferent: Innervate stylopharyngeal and pharyngeal muscles

68
Q

Function of CN X, Vagus

A

Afferent: Sensation from skin around ear, taste for epiglottis

Efferent: Innervates pharynx, larynx, esophagus, soft palate

Parasympathetic: innervates thorax (thymus), abdominal organs (heart, stomach)

69
Q

Function of CN XI, Accessory

A

Nerve function to trapezius/sternocleidomastoid muscle, assist CN X with soft palate/pharynx innervation

70
Q

Function of CN XII, Hypoglossal

A

Innervates the tongue (somatic AKA voluntary)

71
Q

Foramen of CN I, Olfactory

A

Enters the skull through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

72
Q

Foramen of CN II, Optic

A

Enters the skull through optic canal of sphenoid bone

73
Q

Foramen of CN III, Oculomotor

A

Exits the skull through the superior oribtal fissure of sphenoid bone

74
Q

Foramen of CN IV, Trochlear

A

Exits skull at superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

75
Q

Foramen of CN V, Trigeminal, Division VI, Ophthamlic

A

Enters skull through superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

76
Q

Foramen of CN V, Trigeminal, Division VII, Maxillary

A

Enters skull through foramen rotunum of sphenoid bone

77
Q

Foramen of CN V, Trigmeninal, Divison VIII, Mandibular

A

Enters and exits skull through foramen ovale of sphenoid bone

78
Q

Foramen of CN VI, Abducens

A

Exits skull at superior oraibtal fissure of sphenoid bone

79
Q

Foramen of CN VII, Facial

A

Afferent: Enters through the internal acoustic meatus of temporal bone

Efferent: Exits through the sytlomastoid foramen of the temporal bone

80
Q

Foramen of CN VIII, Vestibulocochlear

A

Enters through the internal acoustic meatus of temporal bone

81
Q

Foramen of CN IX, Glossopharyngeal

A

Afferent: Enters through jugular foramen

Efferent: Exits through jugular foramen

PANS: Exits through foramen ovale of sphenoid bone

82
Q

Foramen of CN X, Vagus

A

Enters and exits through the jugular foramen

83
Q

Foramen of CN XI, Accessory

A

Exits through jugular foramen

84
Q

Foramen of CN XII, Hypoglossal

A

Exits through the hypoglossal canal

85
Q

Cranial nerves important to dentistry

A

Trigeminal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal

86
Q

Largest cranial nerve

A

Trigeminal

87
Q

Longest cranial nerve

A

Vagus

88
Q

Most important nerve to dentistry

A

Trigeminal

Nervous System (2 decks)

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