Part 1 Flashcards
Bundle of neural processes outside the central nervous syste; a portion of the perpheral nervous system
Nerve
The extensive, intricate network of structures that activates, coordinates, and controls all functions of the body
Nervous system
Charge difference between the fluid outside and inside a cell that results in differences in the distrubution of ions
Resting potential
Junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ, where neural impulses are transmitted by electrical or chemical means
Synapse
Type of lesion of the trigeminal nerve involving facial pain
Trigeminal Neuraglia
Rapid depolarization of the cell membrane that results in propagation of the nerve impulse along the membrane
Action Potential
Sensory nerve that carries informations from the periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord
Afferent nerve
The loss of feeling or sensation resulting from the use of certain drugs or gases that serve as inhibitory neurotransmitters
Anesthesia
Type of unilateral facial paralysis involving the facial nerve
Bell’s Palsy
Motor nerve that carries information away from the brain or spinal cord to the perihery of the body
Efferent nerve
Loss of action of the facial muscles
Facial paralysis
Accumulation of neruron cell bodies outside the central nervous system
Ganglion
Supply of nerves to tissues or organs
Innervation
Cellular component of the nervous system that is individiually composed of a cell body and neural processes
Neuron
Chemical agent from the neuron that is discharged with the arrival of the action potential, diffuses across the synapse, and binds to receptors on another cell membrane
Neurotransmitter
Components of the cental nervous system (CNS)
Brain and spinal cord
Components of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Consists of nerves that extend from the brain and the spinal cord
Spinal nerves carry impulses to and from the
Spinal cord
Cranial nerves carry impulses to and from the
Brain
Afferent nerves are
Sensory nerves
Efferent nerves are
Motor nerves
Somatic nervous system is
Voluntary
Autonomic nervous sytem is
Involuntary
Sympathetic nervous system is
Fight or flight
Parasympathetic nervous system is
Rest and digest
Symptoms of the parasympathetic division
Blood pressure maintained
Respiratory rates are lower
Digestive tract is actively working
Skin is warm
Pupils are constricted
Heart sympathetic effect
Increases rate and force
Heart parasympathetic effect
Decease rate and steadies heart
Lungs sympathetic effect
Dialates bronchioles
Lungs parasympathetic effect
Contstricts bronchioles
Blood vessels sympathetic effect
Constricts blood vessels in non vital viscera, skin
Dilates skeletal muscles
Increases blood pressure
Blood vessels parasympathetic effect
No effect
Sweat glands sympathetic effect
Stimulates to procude perspiration
Sweat glands parasympathetic effect
No effect
Serum glucose level sympathetic effect
Increases
Serum glucose level parasympathetic effect
Decreases
Digestive system sympathetic effect
Decreases activity
Constricts anal sphincters
Digestive system parasympathetic effect
Increases peristalsis
Increses secretions
Relaxes
Urinary system sympathetic effect
Contricts
Decreases activity
Unirary system parasympathetic effect
Relax bladder
List the12 pairs of cranial nerves
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
- Ophthalmic
- Maxillary
- Mandibular
Abducens
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
What type of nerve is cranial nerve I, Olfactory?
Afferent
What type of nerve is cranial nerve II, Optic?
Afferent
What type of nerve is CN III, Oculomotor?
Efferent
What type of nerve is CN IV, Trochlear?
Efferent
What type of nerve is CN V, Trigeminal?
Afferent & Efferent
What type of nerve is V1 of CN V Trigeminal, Ophthalmic?
Afferent
What type of nerve is V2 of CN V Trigeminal, Maxillary?
Afferent
What type of nerve is V3 of CN V, Trigeminal, Mandibular?
Afferent & Efferent
What type of nerve is CN VI, Abducens?
Efferent
What type of nerve is CN VII, Facial?
Afferent & Efferent
What type of nerve is CN VIII, Vestibulocochlear?
Afferent
What type of nerve is CN IX, Glossopharyngeal?
Afferent & Efferent
What type of nerve is CN X, Vagus?
Afferent & Efferent
What type of nerve is CN XI, Accessory?
Efferent
What type of nerve is CN XII, Hypoglossal?
Efferent
Function of CN I, Olfactory
Smell is transmitted from nasal mucosa to brain
Function of CN II, Optic
Sight is transmitted from retina to brain
Function of CN III, Oculomotor
Innervates eye muscles for eye movement
Function of CN IV, Trochlear
Innervate eye muesles for eye movement
Function of CN V Trigeminal VI division, Ophthalmic
Sensation to upper face and scalp
Function of CN V Trigeminal VII division, Maxillary
Sensation to middle face
Function of CN V Trigeminal VIII division, Mandibular
Afferent: sensation to lower face
Efferent: innervates mastication and cranial muscles
Function of CN VI, Abducens
Lateral eye movements
Function of CN VII, Facial
Afferent: Sensation to skin behind ear, body of tongue, taste buds
Efferent: Innervates muscles of facial expression
Parasympathetic: innervaets lacrimal gland, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
Function of CN VIII, Vestibulocochlear
Hearing and balance of inner ear to brain
Function of CN IX, Glossopharyngeal
Afferent: Senstation to oropharynx, base of tongue, taste, “gag reflex”
Efferent: Innervate stylopharyngeal and pharyngeal muscles
Function of CN X, Vagus
Afferent: Sensation from skin around ear, taste for epiglottis
Efferent: Innervates pharynx, larynx, esophagus, soft palate
Parasympathetic: innervates thorax (thymus), abdominal organs (heart, stomach)
Function of CN XI, Accessory
Nerve function to trapezius/sternocleidomastoid muscle, assist CN X with soft palate/pharynx innervation
Function of CN XII, Hypoglossal
Innervates the tongue (somatic AKA voluntary)
Foramen of CN I, Olfactory
Enters the skull through the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
Foramen of CN II, Optic
Enters the skull through optic canal of sphenoid bone
Foramen of CN III, Oculomotor
Exits the skull through the superior oribtal fissure of sphenoid bone
Foramen of CN IV, Trochlear
Exits skull at superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone
Foramen of CN V, Trigeminal, Division VI, Ophthamlic
Enters skull through superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone
Foramen of CN V, Trigeminal, Division VII, Maxillary
Enters skull through foramen rotunum of sphenoid bone
Foramen of CN V, Trigmeninal, Divison VIII, Mandibular
Enters and exits skull through foramen ovale of sphenoid bone
Foramen of CN VI, Abducens
Exits skull at superior oraibtal fissure of sphenoid bone
Foramen of CN VII, Facial
Afferent: Enters through the internal acoustic meatus of temporal bone
Efferent: Exits through the sytlomastoid foramen of the temporal bone
Foramen of CN VIII, Vestibulocochlear
Enters through the internal acoustic meatus of temporal bone
Foramen of CN IX, Glossopharyngeal
Afferent: Enters through jugular foramen
Efferent: Exits through jugular foramen
PANS: Exits through foramen ovale of sphenoid bone
Foramen of CN X, Vagus
Enters and exits through the jugular foramen
Foramen of CN XI, Accessory
Exits through jugular foramen
Foramen of CN XII, Hypoglossal
Exits through the hypoglossal canal
Cranial nerves important to dentistry
Trigeminal
Facial
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
Largest cranial nerve
Trigeminal
Longest cranial nerve
Vagus
Most important nerve to dentistry
Trigeminal
