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respiratory chapter 14 > part 1 > Flashcards

part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

An extension of an upper respiratory infection involving the trachea
Usually viral in origin

A

acute bronchitis

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2
Q

Early symptoms are similar to Acute bronchitis are?
what are the most common symptom?

what are the treatment ?

what are used if sputum culture
identifies specific bacterial organisms

A

those of the common cold.
sputum

Treatment includes humidification with warm or cool moist air, cough mixtures, or bronchodilators. rest

antibiotic

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3
Q

An acute, highly infectious disease of the upper and lower respiratory tracts.

A

influzena

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4
Q

what are the four causes of influenza

A

Caused by three major types (A, B, and C) and numerous subtypes
and type D

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5
Q

type A & B are responsible for what

A

seasonal disease epidemics

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6
Q

type C cause

tpye D causes what

A

mild respiratory illness and does not cause epidemics

affect cattle

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7
Q

how is influenza spread

A

Spread by direct and indirect contact

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8
Q

what do the influenza affect

A 
respiratory mucosa
lungs
pharynx
sinuses
eustachian
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9
Q

Signs and Symptoms of influenza

Virus is usually shed for

A

Appear 2 to 3 days after exposure
Headache, fever, chills, and muscle aches
Sore throat, hacking cough, runny nose, and nasal congestion

1 to two 2 before the onset of symptoms.

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10
Q

how can you DX influenza

and what will Dx test show

A

chest radiographs

viral cultural, serology, rapid molecular.

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11
Q

Antibiotics are not effective against and are given when

A

viral illness and are contraindicated.

if there is evidence of bacterial infection secondary to the viral infection

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12
Q

if a person are known to be at high risk for influenza and exposed to type A influenzas what may the hcp give

these drugs must be started

A

rimantadine
zamamivir
oseltamivir

within 48 hours of the start of symptoms.

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13
Q

Uncomplicated influenza usually is managed more effectively by

A

nursing intervention than by drugs or other forms of medical treatment.

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14
Q

nursing intervention for influenza

A 
fluid intake 3000 ml
analgesic
saline gargles
mouth care every 4hrs
humidifier 
rest
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15
Q

extensive inflammation of the lung with either consolidation of the lung tissue as it fills with exudate or interstitial inflammation and edema

A

pneumonia

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16
Q

pneumonia affect what side of the lung more

A

one more but it can affect both

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17
Q

is a serious condition affecting an entire lobe of the lung and is usually streptococcus pneumoniae

A

lobar streptococcus

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18
Q

Bacteria or viruses may cause

which one is more common and is associated w/ greater symptoms and risk

A

pneumonia.

bacteria

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19
Q

is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia

A

S.pnemonaie

20
Q

are always presented in the upper respiratory tract

A

pathogenic microorganisms

21
Q

can occur when resistance is lowered by some other factor

A

such as chronic disease, alcoholism, debilitation, physical inactivity or extreme in age

22
Q

what are some prevention of pneumonia

what should you receive

A

people who are 65 years old and chronic respiratory disease should receive the pneumococcal vaccine

elevated the head of bed at 30 to 45 degree

23
Q

s/s of pneumonia

A

Usually a high fever accompanied by chills

A cough that produces rusty or blood-flecked sputum

Sweating and chest pain that is made worse by respiratory movement

A general feeling of malaise and aching muscles

24
Q

how is pneumonia Dx

A

is confirmed by chest radiography, which reveals densities in the affected lung.

25
Q

And atypical pneumonia body temperature can be

Best sounds can sound like

A

Normal or subnormal

But sounds can be normal with perhaps only occasional crackles in wheezes

26
Q

What is pneumonia treated with

A 
IV Or oral antibiotic agent like erythromycin
Marcolides 
Cephalosporin
Aminoglocoside
Fluoroquinolones
27
Q

Atypical pneumonia is caused by

How are they treated

A

Mycoplasma species

With erythromycin
Clarithromycin
Azithromycin

28
Q

Viral atypical pneumonia requires know what

A

Anti-infective therapy but antiviral medication may be administered

29
Q

What are some complementary sand alternatives of therapy for pneumonia

What type of bacteria is it good against

It should not be used during what

A

Barberry roots is used against bacteria, fungi, and viruses

It has an anti-microbial action against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria

It should not be used during pregnancy because it can cause spontaneous abortion

30
Q

What are some nursing management for pneumonia

A 
Promote oxygenation
Control elevated temperature
Maintain nutritional and fluid intake
Provide adequate rest.
•Monitor vital signs and respiratory status.
•Relieve pain and discomfort.
•Provide good oral hygiene.
•Prevent irritation of the lungs by smoke and other irritants.
•Avoid secondary bacterial infections
31
Q

➢People at high risk for influenza-

A

related complications and severe disease,

including children ages 6 to 59 months,

pregnant women,

people older than 50 years,

and people of any age with certain chronic medical conditions

32
Q

•People who live with or care for persons at high risk, including household contacts who have frequent contact with people at high risk and who can transmit influenza to those individuals, and health care workers

A

Are at risk of influenza

33
Q

•The first signs of pneumonia

What happens to their mental status

How should the patient be position

What happens to their respiratory rate

What’s a very late sign

A

decreasing oxygenation may be restlessness or confusion.

  • The patient may want to sit upright to allow for better chest excursion.
  • The respiratory rate will increase, and later there will be flaring of the nares and then retraction of respiratory muscles if the condition worsens.
  • Cyanosis is a very late sign.
34
Q

The patient should breathe deeply and cough how many times while there a way to prevent atelectasis which can lead up to the pneumonia

How much fluid should They be taking and why

A

Breathe deeply and cough 5 to 10 minutes each hour

2500 to 3000 mL a day because abdominal distention, nausea and vomiting can happen

35
Q

Older adults are more at risk for influenza and pneumonia because

___often is the most obvious sign of atypical pneumonia in older adults.

It may take_____ after a bout of pneumonia for the older person to be able to do what

A

of a less efficient immune system, decreased action of cilia, and decreased elasticity and muscle tone.

Confusion

6 to 12 weeks, resume normal activities without undue fatigue.

36
Q

Very old patients may never quite regain what after a serious episode of pneumonia?

Teach older adults to seek medical attention quickly if

A

regain the former level of wellness

symptoms of pneumonia occur.

37
Q

__occurs when the fluid within the pleural cavity becomes infected and the exudate becomes____

The organisms causing the infection may be what?

A

Empyema
thick and purulent.

staphylococci or streptococci.

38
Q

An incomplete expansion, or collapse, of alveoli

May occur from compression what

How can it happens postoperative

Is it reversible

Breath sounds are what w this condition?

Treatment consists of what ?

A

Atelectasis

compression of the lungs from outside, a decrease in surfactant, or bronchial obstruction

Accumulation of anesthesia, extended period w/out moving, hypo ventilation

Yes

Breath sounds are diminished when the airways are collapsed, and oxygen saturation (Sao2) will decrease.

Treatment consists of expelling secretions by coughing.

39
Q

If your postoperative Patient has crackles in the base of the lungs have them do what

A

Take several deep breath‘s and cough

Listen again if the crackles are gone the atelectasis gone

40
Q

The most common fungal lung infections are

A

coccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis. These are on the pwpoint

Aspergillus

41
Q

Occurs primarily in the western United States

Occurs by inhaling the dust desert recreational activities are in working in occupation that requires digging in the earth

What are s/s

A

Coccidoidmycosis

Typically there are no symptoms of mild respiratory symptoms but 40% will have a cough, fever, chest pain and joint pain sometimes flat red rash with dark read papules

42
Q

It’s also transmitted by inhalation of spores that’s commonly found in the environment in mold

What are some signs and symptoms

A

Aspergillus

Cough
Wheezing
Fever
Dyspnea

43
Q

And the fungus lives in the moist soil such as mushrooms on the floor of chicken houses and bat caves

What are some signs and symptoms

A

Histoplasmosis

I fever, fatigue, cough, dyspnea, and weight loss over 1 to 2 months

44
Q

Are seen mostly in immune compromised people or those who have cystic fibrosis

How are fungal infection treated

A

Blastomycosis
Cryptococcosis
Candidiasis

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

45
Q

How are fungal infection diagnose

A

By history, signs and symptoms, and positive skin test reaction to fungus or

Serology testing

respiratory chapter 14 (4 decks)

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