PAROTID GLAND

Question 1

INTRODUCTION AND CAPSULE

Answer 1

INTRO
largest salivary gland and purely serous
CAPSULE
investing layer of the deep fascia splits at angle of mandible to enclose the parotid gland.
Superficial lamina aka parotidomasseteric fascia- thick and adherent
Deep lamina- thin and thickens extending between styloid process and mandible to form STYLOMANDIBULAR LIGAMENT that separates it the parotid from the submandibular gland.

Question 2

SURFACES AND RELATIONS

Answer 2

SUPERIROR
base
related to- cartilaginous part of external acoustic meatus
auriculotemporal nerve
SUPERFICIAL/LATERAL-
related to skin
superficial fascia with fibers of platysma
parotid fascia

ANTEROMEDIAL-
posterior border of ramus of mandible and 2 muscles- masseter & medial pterygoid.

POSTEROMEDIAL-
Mastoid process & sternocleidomastoid, posterior belly of digastric.
Styloid process and structures attached to it.
Entry of external carotid artery and facial nerve.

Question 3

BORDERS AND RELATIONS

Answer 3

ANTERIOR
separates superficial surface from anteromedial surface.
POSTERIOR
separates superficial surface from posteromedial surface.
MEDIAL EDGE/ PHARYNGEAL
Separates anteromedial surface from posteromedial.

Question 4

CONTENT

Answer 4

ARTERIES-
Entry of external carotid artery
Exit of maxillary artery
Superficial temporal ar gives transverse facial ar.
VEINS-
Formation of retromandibular vein and divides into anterior and posterior divisions in the lower part of the gland.
FACIAL NERVE-
enters the parotid gland.
divides into 2 trunks
REFER NOTES COMPULSORILY FOR CONTINUATION.

Question 5

BLOOD SUPPLY

Answer 5

Ar- external carotid ar. and its branches

Veins drain into external jugular and internal jugular vein.

Question 6

NERVE SUPPLY

Answer 6

REFER NOTES & TXT BK

Question 7

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE AND PAROTID LYMPH NODES

Answer 7

lymph drains first into parotid nodes then into upper deep cervical nodes.
PAROTID LYMPH NODES DRAIN-
Temple
side of scalp
middle ear
parotid gland
external acoustic meatus
parts of eyelids & orbit
lateral surface of auricle

Question 8

PAROTID DUCT/ STENSON’S DUCT

Answer 8

It is thick-walled and emerges from middle of anterior border of the gland. passes over masseter muscle.
RELATIONS
SUPERIORLY-
1. accessory parotid gland
2.transverse facial vessels
3.upper buccal br of facial nerve
INFERIORLY-
1. lower buccal br. of facial nerve

4 STRUCTURES PIERCED BY PAROTID DUCTS
buccal pad of fat
buccopharyngeal fascia
buccinator muscle
buccal mucosa
SITE OF OPENING- into oral cavity opp. to 2nd molar tooth.
The inflation of the duct during blowing is prevented because of the oblique course of duct through buccinator.

Question 9

APPLIED ASPECT

Answer 9

MUMPS-
viral infection of parotid gland.
Parotid swellings are painful due to unyielding(tough) nature of parotid fascia.

PAROTID ABSCESS- through opening of duct. Horizontal incision made to drain abscess and avoid injury of facial nerve.

FREY’S SYNDROME
after parotidectomy or penetrating injury of parotid gland. Auriculartemporal nerve may get injured and during its regeneration of secretomotor fibers, there may be a connection between the ATN and great auricular nerve.
Hence while eating, the sweat glands over skin of parotid will get stimulated insteas.

Facial nerve does not supply parotid gland. Skin over it is supplied by great auricular nerve.