Parm Ch 7

Question 1

Anaphylactic Reactions

Answer 1

Unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction

Question 2

Angioedema

Answer 2

Localized wheals or swellings in subcutaneous tissues or mucous membranes, which may be caused by an allergic response.

Question 3

Bacterial Resistance

Answer 3

Phenomenon by which a bacteria-produced substance inactivates or destroys an antibiotic drug

Question 4

Beta-lactation (β-lactam) ring

Answer 4

Portion of the penicillin drug molecule that can break a bacterial cell wall

Question 5

Cross-sensitivity

Answer 5

Allergy to drugs in the same or related groups.

Question 6

Culture and Sensitivity Test

Answer 6

Culture of bacteria to determine to which antibiotic the microorganism is sensitive

Question 7

Glossitis

Answer 7

Inflammation of the tongue

Question 8

Malaise

Answer 8

Discomfort, uneasiness

Question 9

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Answer 9

Bacterium that is resistant to methicillin

Question 10

Nephrotoxicity

Answer 10

Damage to the kidneys by a toxic substance

Question 11

Otitis Media

Answer 11

Infection of the middle ear

Question 12

Pathogens

Answer 12

Disease-producing microorganisms

Question 13

Penicillinase

Answer 13

Enzyme produced by bacteria that deactivates penicillin

Question 14

Perioperative

Answer 14

Pertaining to the pre operative, intraoperative, or postoperative

Question 15

Phlebitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of a vein

Question 16

Prophylaxis

Answer 16

Prevention

Question 17

Pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 17

Severe, life-threatening form of diarrhea that occurs when normal flora of the bowel is eliminated and replaced with Colstridium Difficile (C. Diff) bacteria

Question 18

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)

Answer 18

Fever, cough, muscular aches and pains, headache, and lesions of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes; the lesions appear as red whales or blisters, often starting on the face, in the mouth, or on the lips, neck, and extremities.

Question 19

Stomatitis

Answer 19

Inflammation of a cavity opening, such as the oral cavity

Question 20

Synthesis

Answer 20

Combining or growing a number of different parts to make a new item

Question 21

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 21

Inflammation of a vein with clot formation

Question 22

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, and Vancomycin all effect the cell how?

Answer 22

By weakening the bacterial cell wall (disrupt cell wall synthesis)

Question 23

Cephalosporins are structurally and chemically related to?

Answer 23

Penicillins

Question 24

Cephalosporins and Penicillins are?

Answer 24

Cousins

Question 25

The right drug for the right BUG WHat is the name of the lab test ordered?

Answer 25

Culture and sensitivity

Question 26

Explain with this test is all about (Culture and sensitivity)

Answer 26

A culture is used to identify the pathogen. A sensitivity is used to identify which antibiotic will best treat the infection.

Question 27

Define resistance

Answer 27

The development or ability to withstand the previously destructive effect of a drug by microorganism or tumor cells

Question 28

What is MRSA

Answer 28

Methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus Aureus Known as a major nosocomial pathogen that has also develop resistance to antibiotic. Resistant to certain antibiotics such as penicillin, amoxicillin and oxacillin.

Question 29

What is VRE

Answer 29

Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci Enterococcus germs can become resistance to vancomycin and therefore are not killed.

Question 30

What are penicillins used for?

Answer 30

Used to treat infections caused by bacteria, they work by killing their bacteria or preventing the growth

Question 31

List the 4 groups of Penicillin’s

Answer 31

1. Natural 2. Penicillinase-resistant 3. Amino penicillins 4. Extended-spectrum

Question 32

Do all Penicillins end in -cillin?

Answer 32

NO

Question 33

3 penicillins not ending with -cillin

Answer 33

1. Amoxil —-Amoxicillin 2. Augmentin ——Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 3. Zosyn ——-Piperacillin / Tazobactam

Question 34

PCN uses (7)

Answer 34

1. UTI 2. Septicemia 3. Meningitis 4. Intra-abdominal infections 5. Syphilis 6. Pneumonia 7. Soft tissue infections and injuries

Question 35

Define Prophylaxis for infections

Answer 35

Prevention against a potential secondary bacterial infection that can occur in a client with a viral infection

Question 36

Penicillin Adverse Reactions (9)

Answer 36

1. Glossitis 2. Stomatitis 3. Gastritis 4. Nausea 5. Vomiting 6. Diarrhea 7. Abdominal pain 8. Dyspnea 9. Flushing

Question 37

Signs and symptoms of PCN anaphylactic shock

Answer 37

Severe hypertension Loss of consciousness Acute respiratory distress

Question 38

PCN interactions

Answer 38

Oral contraceptives- decrease contraceptive effectiveness Tetracyclines- decreases PCN effectiveness Anticoagulants- Increases bleeding risk Beta-adrenergic blocking-may increase the risk for an anaphylactic reaction

Question 39

First Gen Cephalosporins (3)

Answer 39

1. Cefadroxil—-Duricef 2. Cefazolin—-Ancef or Kefzol 3. Cephalexin——Daxbia or Keflex

Question 40

Second Gen Cephalosporins (5)

Answer 40

1. Cefaclor——Ceclor and Raniclor 2. Cefotetan—-Apatef and Cefotan 3. Cefoxitin—- Mefoxin 4. Cefprozil—- Cefzil 5. Cefuroxime—- Zinacef

Question 41

Third Gen Cephalosporins (7)

Answer 41

1. Cefdinir——omnicef 2. Cefditoren—-Spectracef 3. Cefixime—-Surprax 4. Cefotaxime—- Calforan 5. Cefpodoxime—-Vantin 6. Ceftazidime—-Tazicef or Avycaz 7. Ceftriaxone—-Rocephin

Question 42

Fourth Gen Cephalosporins (1)

Answer 42

1. Cefepime—-Maxipime

Question 43

Actions of Cephalosporins

Answer 43

Have a beta-lactation ring and target the bacteria cell wall, making it defective and unstable.

Question 44

Cephalosporins Uses (4)

Answer 44

1. Respiratory infections 2. Otitis media (ear infection) 3. Bone/Joint infections 4. Complicated intro-abdominal or genitourinary tract infection

Question 45

Cephalosporins Adverse Reactions

Answer 45

GI- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Other- Headache, dizziness, Malaise, Heartburn, fever, Nephrotoxicity, SJS, Aplastic anemia, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Positive direct combs test.