Parm Ch 7 Flashcards
Anaphylactic Reactions
Unusual or exaggerated allergic reaction
Angioedema
Localized wheals or swellings in subcutaneous tissues or mucous membranes, which may be caused by an allergic response.
Bacterial Resistance
Phenomenon by which a bacteria-produced substance inactivates or destroys an antibiotic drug
Beta-lactation (β-lactam) ring
Portion of the penicillin drug molecule that can break a bacterial cell wall
Cross-sensitivity
Allergy to drugs in the same or related groups.
Culture and Sensitivity Test
Culture of bacteria to determine to which antibiotic the microorganism is sensitive
Glossitis
Inflammation of the tongue
Malaise
Discomfort, uneasiness
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
Bacterium that is resistant to methicillin
Nephrotoxicity
Damage to the kidneys by a toxic substance
Otitis Media
Infection of the middle ear
Pathogens
Disease-producing microorganisms
Penicillinase
Enzyme produced by bacteria that deactivates penicillin
Perioperative
Pertaining to the pre operative, intraoperative, or postoperative
Phlebitis
Inflammation of a vein
Prophylaxis
Prevention
Pseudomembranous colitis
Severe, life-threatening form of diarrhea that occurs when normal flora of the bowel is eliminated and replaced with Colstridium Difficile (C. Diff) bacteria
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)
Fever, cough, muscular aches and pains, headache, and lesions of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes; the lesions appear as red whales or blisters, often starting on the face, in the mouth, or on the lips, neck, and extremities.
Stomatitis
Inflammation of a cavity opening, such as the oral cavity
Synthesis
Combining or growing a number of different parts to make a new item
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of a vein with clot formation
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, and Vancomycin all effect the cell how?
By weakening the bacterial cell wall (disrupt cell wall synthesis)
Cephalosporins are structurally and chemically related to?
Penicillins
Cephalosporins and Penicillins are?
Cousins
The right drug for the right BUG
WHat is the name of the lab test ordered?
Culture and sensitivity
Explain with this test is all about (Culture and sensitivity)
A culture is used to identify the pathogen. A sensitivity is used to identify which antibiotic will best treat the infection.
Define resistance
The development or ability to withstand the previously destructive effect of a drug by microorganism or tumor cells
What is MRSA
Methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus Aureus
Known as a major nosocomial pathogen that has also develop resistance to antibiotic. Resistant to certain antibiotics such as penicillin, amoxicillin and oxacillin.
What is VRE
Vancomycin Resistance Enterococci
Enterococcus germs can become resistance to vancomycin and therefore are not killed.
What are penicillins used for?
Used to treat infections caused by bacteria, they work by killing their bacteria or preventing the growth
List the 4 groups of Penicillin’s
- Natural
- Penicillinase-resistant
- Amino penicillins
- Extended-spectrum
Do all Penicillins end in -cillin?
NO
3 penicillins not ending with -cillin
- Amoxil —-Amoxicillin
- Augmentin ——Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
- Zosyn ——-Piperacillin / Tazobactam
PCN uses (7)
- UTI
- Septicemia
- Meningitis
- Intra-abdominal infections
- Syphilis
- Pneumonia
- Soft tissue infections and injuries
Define Prophylaxis for infections
Prevention against a potential secondary bacterial infection that can occur in a client with a viral infection
Penicillin Adverse Reactions (9)
- Glossitis
- Stomatitis
- Gastritis
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Dyspnea
- Flushing
Signs and symptoms of PCN anaphylactic shock
Severe hypertension
Loss of consciousness
Acute respiratory distress
PCN interactions
Oral contraceptives- decrease contraceptive effectiveness
Tetracyclines- decreases PCN effectiveness
Anticoagulants- Increases bleeding risk
Beta-adrenergic blocking-may increase the risk for an anaphylactic reaction
First Gen Cephalosporins (3)
- Cefadroxil—-Duricef
- Cefazolin—-Ancef or Kefzol
- Cephalexin——Daxbia or Keflex
Second Gen Cephalosporins (5)
- Cefaclor——Ceclor and Raniclor
- Cefotetan—-Apatef and Cefotan
- Cefoxitin—- Mefoxin
- Cefprozil—- Cefzil
- Cefuroxime—- Zinacef
Third Gen Cephalosporins (7)
- Cefdinir——omnicef
- Cefditoren—-Spectracef
- Cefixime—-Surprax
- Cefotaxime—- Calforan
- Cefpodoxime—-Vantin
- Ceftazidime—-Tazicef or Avycaz
- Ceftriaxone—-Rocephin
Fourth Gen Cephalosporins (1)
- Cefepime—-Maxipime
Actions of Cephalosporins
Have a beta-lactation ring and target the bacteria cell wall, making it defective and unstable.
Cephalosporins Uses (4)
- Respiratory infections
- Otitis media (ear infection)
- Bone/Joint infections
- Complicated intro-abdominal or genitourinary tract infection
Cephalosporins Adverse Reactions
GI- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Other- Headache, dizziness, Malaise, Heartburn, fever, Nephrotoxicity, SJS, Aplastic anemia, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Positive direct combs test.
