Parliamentary System and the Election Process Flashcards
What characterizes the British political system as a “limited democracy”?
The significant roles of unelected bodies, bureaucratic institutions, and political patronage.
What role does the Civil Service play in British democracy?
It implements government policies and provides continuity between administrations, but operates independently of electoral scrutiny.
What powers does the Head of State, represented by the monarch, hold?
Ceremonial powers and formal powers, such as appointing the Prime Minister.
What is the composition of the House of Lords?
Life peers, bishops, and hereditary peers.
Why is the House of Lords often criticized in terms of democratic legitimacy?
Its members are not elected by the public, yet they can revise and scrutinize legislation.
What are Quangos, and why are they controversial?
Quasi-autonomous non-governmental organizations that operate outside direct parliamentary control and often lack transparency.
How does political patronage influence British politics?
It allows senior politicians to appoint individuals to influential positions, rewarding loyalty and maintaining political support.
What issue in 2009 revealed systemic problems in the British Parliament?
The expenses scandal.
What challenges arise from the phenomenon of “safe seats” in the British electoral system?
Limited competition and lack of responsiveness to changing electorate preferences.
What is the difference between “safe seats” and “marginal seats”?
Safe seats have a substantial majority for one party, while marginal seats are highly competitive and receive disproportionate attention.
What role do MPs play in serving their constituencies?
They hold “surgeries” where constituents can raise concerns and seek assistance.
What are the functions of backbench MPs in the House of Commons?
Participating in debates, scrutinizing legislation, and serving on cross-party committees.
How have internal party divisions influenced British politics, especially regarding Brexit?
Divisions between pro- and anti-Europe factions within major parties shaped debates and led to the UK’s departure from the EU.
What is the role of the cabinet in the British political system?
It is a collective decision-making body composed of senior ministers that shapes government policy.
How does cabinet cohesion impact government effectiveness?
A united cabinet is crucial for effective governance, while divisions can lead to instability.
