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parkison from physiotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the motor symptoms of parkinson?

A

resting tremor
rigidity
bradykinesia
postural instability
gait festinating
macrophagic
masked facies
retropulsion
hypophonic speech

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2
Q

non-motor symptoms of parkinson

A

constipation
autonomic dysfunction
impaired olfaction
dementia
depression
sleep disorders
impulse control disorder
psychosis

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3
Q

what are the stages of PD?

A

prodromal PD
stable PD
unstable PD
advanced PD
palliative stage

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4
Q

what is the primary motor?

A

tremor
bradykinesia
rigidity
postural instability

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5
Q

what is the secondary motor?

A

freezing of the gait
lack of facial expression
micrograph

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6
Q

what is the pre-motor?

A

loss of smell sense
constipation
sleep disorder
mood disorder
low blood pressure when standing
orthostatic hypotention

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7
Q

what are the basal ganglia neclues?

A

striatum
the globus pallidus
subthalamic nucleus
the substantia nigra

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8
Q

A 70 to 80 percent loss of neurons occurs before symptoms become apparent.
true or false?

A

true

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9
Q

Direct pathway facilitates BG input to the thalamus and motor areas
true or false?

A

false, facilitates output

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10
Q

Indirect pathway disinhibits the STN and in turn inhibits thalamus and motor areas
true or false?

A

true

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11
Q

Loss of dopamine results in an overactive indirect pathway that is thought to underlie Akinesia and Rigidity
true or false?

A

true

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12
Q

Underactive direct pathway is responsible for tremor
true or false?

A

false, bradykinesia

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13
Q

It is felt uniformly in agonist and muscle only.
Spinal stretch reflexes are abnormal.
Rigidity is fairly constant regardless of the task, amplitude, or speed of movement.
Both Cogwheel & Leadpipe rigidity are found
true or false?

A

false, rigidity both agonist and antagonist
stretch reflexes are normal

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14
Q

rigidity affects the shoulders & neck first and later involves muscles of the face & extremities
true or false?

A

true

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15
Q

what is absent of movement?

A

akinesia

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16
Q

what is freezing movement?

A

sudden block in the movement

17
Q

Slowness of movement, Movements are typically reduced in speed, range, and amplitude are related to bradykinesia
true or false?

A

true

18
Q

bradykinesia is the initial symptom of PD in about 70 % of patients
true or false?

A

false, tremor

19
Q

Involuntary oscillation of a body part occurring at a slow frequency of 4 to 6 Hz is?

A

rsting tremor

20
Q

Postural instability is rare in early years until 5 years of diagnosis
true or false?

A

true

21
Q

Extensor muscles of the trunk demonstrate lesser weakness than flexor muscles causing stooped posture and significant change in the center-of- alignment
true or false?

A

false, the opposite

22
Q

Freezing, poor gait, dementia, depression, postural hypotension, involuntary movements decrease the risk for falls
true or false?

A

false, increase

23
Q

rotational movements in motor planning are reduced
true or false?

A

true

24
Q

Insufficient hip, knee and ankle flexion is?

A

shuffling steps

25
Q

Reduced stride length, speed of walking
Cadence normal but may be reduced in late stages
Increased double limb support time
Insufficient heel strike with forefoot loading
Reduced trunk rotation and arm swing
freezing gait
difficulty turning
are all related to??

A

GAit

26
Q

MMSE-MoCA
Depression Inventory
Sensory evaluation – paraesthesias
MMT
ROM
FRT
Timed Up & Go test
Dynamic Posturography
10 meter walk test, Walkie- Talkie test
6 minute walk test
FIM
are for?

A

assessments of PD

27
Q

Levodopa (L-dopa) is the mainstay of ??.
like: Dopamine Agonists
Anticholinergic Agents

A

symptomatic treatment for PD.

28
Q

Deep brain stimulation is surgical procedure to treat symptoms of??

A

Advanced
Parkinson’s disease
dystonia
essential tremor

29
Q

DBS could be just right for anyone having?

A

-Parkinson’s disease symptoms for at least 5 years
-Symptoms unresolved with regular medications
-Intolerable side effects of medicines

30
Q

Gait, balance, posture, and transfers are the key domains for physiotherapy within the PD

not rigidity,bradykinesia, and resting tremor
true or false?

A

true

31
Q

what are the PTS exercises for PD?

A

relaxation
flexibility
strengthening
functional training
balance
Kitchen sink exercises
locomotor training
postural interventions
cardiopulmonary training
fatigue managment

32
Q

lower trunk rotation or sideline rolling or upper and lower trunk segmental rotations can be used

A

relaxation exercises

33
Q

rhythmic initiation is effective for?

A

rigidity

34
Q

ROM Exercises
Passive stretching
Hold & Contract Relax
Passive Positioning
for?

A

flexibility exercises

35
Q

free weights are safer from machine exercises in strengthening
true or false?

A

false

36
Q

Force production during isokinetic contractions rather than isometric contractions have been noted for?

A

strengthening exercises

37
Q

what are the functional training

A

Moving in bed – rolling & supine - sit
Side lying, rotation and weight bearing in side lying enhance transition to sitting
Pelvic tilt – anterior – posterior, side to side and pelvic clock exercises in ball
Sit- Stand activities
Standing training with rotations
Training to get up after fall
Facial exercises

38
Q

Exercises to strengthen postural extensors.
Stretching exercises for tight pectorals
TA stretching
Rotational exercises of the trunk and limbs
Rhythmic initiation
Functional task training (mat)
Postural corrections using feed back mechanisms
for?

A

postural interventions

39
Q

A festinating gait can be reduced by addition of modified heel or shoe wedges
is for which treatment?

A

Adaptive and Supportive Devices

applied rehab (4 decks)

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