multiple sclerosis Flashcards
the MS is not an autoimmune disease
true or false?
false
The immune system attacks the myelin coating around the nerves in the central nervous system
true or false?
true
Contagious
Directly inherited
Always severely disabling
Fatal—except in fairly rare instances
are related to MS
true or false?
false not related
what are the risk factors of MS?
Age ( 20-40 y.o)
Sex (Women)
Family (Genetic Susceptibility)
Certain Infections ( Like EBV)
Climate
Auto Immune Diseases
Smoking
Physical Injury
Pregnancy
what triggers the immune system attacks myeline sheath?
Genetic Predisposition
environmental trigger
which cells are activated and cross the blood brain barrier to attack the myeline sheath?
t-cells
what are the symptoms of MS
fatigue
emotional disturbance
bladder and sexual dysfunction
visual problems
cognitive difficulties
Sensory changes (tingling, numbness)
Pain (neurogenic; musculoskeletal)
Spasticity
Gait, balance, and coordination problems
Speech/swallowing
problems
Tremor
MRI and VEP and lumbar puncture
can be used to confirm diagnosis of MS
true or false?
true
MS is found in people who reside above the northern or below the southern 40°
latitude with greater frequency than those who live closer to the equator
true or false?
true
what are the courses of MS?
RRMS
PPMS or secondary
progressive relapsing MS
benign
PPMS turns over time to SPMS
true or false?
false, it is RRMS
The initial neurological episode or attack is typically identified as ?
clinical isolated syndrome
that can last days to months and are typically followed by periods of improved function. During remissions, function can return to prerelapse levels, but most frequently it does not recover fully
is related to?
RRMS
Relapses decrease in frequency over time and convert to a slow steady progression of increasing disability or disease severity
is related to?
SPMS
gradual worsening of symptoms without relapses
is related to?
PPMS
