Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology > Parkinsons > Flashcards

Parkinsons Flashcards

1
Q

Athetosis Chorea Hemiballius lesions

A

A= (GAP) — GLOBUS PALLIDUS

C= CAUDATE NUCLEUS

Hb (Always U/L) = STN C/L**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chorea causes

CHOREA

A

Chorea gravidarum

Huntingtons

OCP***

Rheumatoid—Sydenhams

Endocrine—Thyrotoxicosis

Mcc= SLE***

Atherosclerotic—Senile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MC neuro degenerative do

A

ALZHEIMER»PD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pathology PD

A

Atrophy + Hypopigmentation of SNPC

Lewy Body deposition (a-synuclein)

Nigrostriatal pathway impairment

(STRIATUM= Putamen + CN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

D1 and D2 receptors function

A

D1= Stimulate stimulatory

D2 = Stimulate inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

DA decrease features

A

BRADYKINESIA—> PD

Rx DA+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

DA increase features

A

CHOREA

Rx DA-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

DA functions

A

Behaviour (Depression)

Movement regulation (EPS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

EPS list

NAAT

A

NMS
Akathisia
Acute Muscle Dystonia
TD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Etiology PD

DTTGSE

A

Drugs (Antags and Depletors)

Toxins ( Hexane/ CO / Mn / Methanol)

Trauma (Alzheimer»PD)

Genetic (Parkin &laquo_space;LRRK)—5%

Sporadic (mc)

Enzyme deficiency (Ty Hydroxylase— Rate limiting in DA formation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

DA depletors

A 
Methyl dopa
Reserpine
Tetrabenzene
Lithium
Amiodarone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

DA antags

A

Metoclop
Typical Antipsychotics

Flunarizine
Cinnarizine. (CCBs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parkin LRRK features

A

P= AR—Early onset—Chr12

L= AD—>40y—Chr 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cf Pd

TRAP

A

Tremors (Resting/4-6Hz/ UL>LL / Unilat / dec with sleep)

Rigidity (Cogwheel-UL / leadpipe-LL)

Akinesia

Postural instability (Akathisia)

(LEAD PIPE rigidity is usually seen in EPS but tremors + LPR= cogwheel rigidity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Gait in PD

A

Festinating/ Shuffling

KINESIA PARADOXA***
Increased acceleration while running

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Postural instability features

A

Loss of postural reflexes—PULL TEST+

Last symptom to occur

17
Q

Rx PD

Aim is to decrease Ach and increase DA—fall in even 30% DA leads to Pd

A

Levodopa

Carbidopa/Benserazide (Do-decarboxy)

Selagiline/ Rasagiline (MAO-Bx)
(RASAGILINE IS NEUROPROTECTIVE**)

Capones (COMT x)

AMANTADINE***
(Anti-Dyskinesia : Uncontrolled muscle movement)

Ropirinole/Pramipexole/ Rotigotin (DA+)
(ROTIGOTIN IS AVAILABLE AS A PATCH*)

APOMORPHINE(DA+)
(Faster acting/ inj / emetic++)
(USED IN RESCUE THERAPY)

Trihexyphenidyl/Biperidine/ Benzopteopine (Central Ach inhibitors)
(DOC DRUG INDUCED PD)

18
Q

Surgeries in Parkinsons indication and procedure

A

Intractable tremors— STN(mc) DBS

Drug induced dyskinesia—-GPi DBS

(Deep brain stimulation)

19
Q

What is wheelchair sign of QUINN

A

PD patients are very much mobile till death—If early wheelchair use—R/o. pD)

RED FLAG SIGN

20
Q

Restless leg syndrome aggravation and relief

A

Agg on rest and night

Relief on movement

21
Q

NON MOTOR FEATURES OF PD

5M

A

Depression/ Anxiety / Sleep disturbance

Cognitive impairment

Autonomic disturbance

ANOSMIA*** - Lewy body deposition

MICROGRAPHIA**

Monotonous speech ( hypophonia )

Hypomimia (Mask like face)

MEYERSONS SIGN (Sustained blinking with tapping on forehead—Otherwise decreased blinking overall)

DeMentia (AFTER 1 year)

22
Q

Earliest/ Disabling symptoms of Pd

A

Tremors. Bradykinesia.

23
Q

Good improvement of which symptoms with drugs?

BART

A

Bradykinesia

Tremors

Rigidity

Abnormal posture

24
Q

Poor response to rx with drugs inPD

CHAP

A

Cognitive symptoms

Hypophonia

Autonomic dysfunction

Postural instability

25
Q

Types of Atypical PDs

PLMC

A

All have symmetric presentation (PD= unsymmetrical) and all are unresponsive to LDOPA

PSP (PSPp/ PSPr)

Lewy Body dementia

MSA (MSAa / MSAc)

CBD

26
Q

Types of NDGenerative disorders

A

Synucleopathies (lewy body)

  • PD
  • LBD
  • MSA

Tau-pathies

  • AD
  • PSP
  • CBD
  • FTD
27
Q

PSP other name and features

A

STEEL RICHARDSON SYNDROME

Defective Horizontal and vertical gaze

Extended posture— Early and freq falls**

Dementia++

NO TREMORS

28
Q

PSP types and differences

A 
PSPp                     PSPr
(Parkinson).     (Richardson)
~ pD                    Doesnt resemble
LDopa+.              No response
                          Wheelchair sign++
29
Q

Microscopy PSP feature

A

Globose tangles

30
Q

IxOC PsP

A

MRI—ATROPHY OF MIDBRAIN**

31
Q

LBD features

A

Visual hallucinations
Parkinsonism
EARLY ONSET DEMENTIA (within 1 year)

32
Q

MSA (Multisystem atrophy) features and types

A 
MSAa.                 MSAc.
PD.                       PD
\+.                           +
Autonomic       Cerebellar symp
instability

Postural Hypotension

33
Q

MSAa is also called as

A

SHY DRAGGER SYNDROME

34
Q

CBD- Cortico basillar degeneration features

A

ALIEN LIMB PHENOMENON**

Dystonia
Myoclonus
Parkinsonism

35
Q

Types of tremors

RIFFE

A

Resting—PD

Intentional (On approaching object)—CEREBELLAR LESION

Flapping (Asterixis) (-ve Myoclonus)— decrease in muscle tone.. Myoclonus= increase in muscle tone.
UREMIC ENCAPH
HEPATIC ENCAPH
CO2 NARCOSIS

Fine- Thyrotoxicosis

Essential Tremors

36
Q

ET features

A

Increases with Anxiety
Decreases with alcohol

AD inheritance

4-8Hz

LARGE HANDWRITING**

B/L and symmetrical

Origin= Cerebellum

UL»Head»Voice»LL

Rx= Propanalol—Primidone—-DBS (Ventero-intmd nucleus of THALAMUS)—DBS cortex

37
Q

Type of spasticity in UMN

A

CLASP KNIFE

38
Q

Rigidity vs Spasticity

resistance to passive movement

A

F= E. F easy E difficult

Bidirectn. Unidirection

Velocity. Increased
Independent. Resistance
c velocity

39
Q

Types of Gaits

CWLBHSSS

A

CIRCUMDUCTION - HEMIPARESIS / Distal»Proximal myopathy + spasticity (this is benificial to maintain balance)

WADDLING- Prox muscle myopathy

LURCHING- Polio (AHC lesion)

BROAD BASE- Cerebellar lesions
(tendency to fall on one side)

HIGH STEP- Foot drop (Peroneal nerve) / DC lesion

STAMPING-Posterior column lesion
(to get a sense of vibration and proprioception)

SHUFFLING- PD

SCISSORING - Spastic Cerebral Palsy— flex at knee, plantar flex at ankles
(Decorticate= above Midbrain
Decerebrate= below midbrain)

Neurology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions