Parkinson's Disease

Question 1

What does the movement system include

Answer 1

• Orthopedics
• Neurology
• Cardiopulmonary
• Integumentary

Question 2

Define motion

Answer 2

• Refers specifically to the ability of a joint or tissue to be moved passively

Question 3

Define force

Answer 3

• Refers to the ability of the contractile and non-contractile structures to produce movement and provide dynamic stability around joints during static & dynamic tasks

Question 4

Define energy

Answer 4

• Refers to the ability to perform sustained or repeated movements and is dependent on the integrated functioning of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neuromuscular systems

Question 5

Define motor control

Answer 5

• Refers to the ability to plan, execute, and adapt goal-directed movements such that they are accurate, coordinated, and efficient

Question 6

Describe the 4-element model

Answer 6

• Control: refers to the smoothness, coordination, and timing of the movement
• Amount: refers to the amplitude of movement at each joint during the task
• Symmetry: refers to the speed of movement
• Speed: refers to the speed of movement
• Symptoms: refer to pain but may also be things like clicking, dyspnea, fatigue, angina, dizziness, a sense of instability, visual symptoms, or urinary incontinence with coughing

Question 7

Components of the BESTest (balance evaluation systems test)

Answer 7

• Biomechanics constraints
• Stability limits/verticality
• Anticipatory postural adjustments
• Postural responses
• Sensory orientation
• Stability in gait