Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OM Spring 2022 > Parkinson's Disease > Flashcards

Parkinson's Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What are the four clinical features? (TRAP)

A
  • Tremor
  • Rigidity
  • Akinesia
  • Postural instability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Define Tremor

A

Trembling, shaking of one hand, pill-rolling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Describe Rigidity

A

Cogwheel -> rigid and jerky movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Describe Akinesia

A

Impaired movement, altered gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Describe postural instability

A

Stooped posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Where does pill rolling tremor occur?

A

Fingers and thumb but other muscle groups of the neck, jaw, lips, tongue, eyelids, arm and foot may be affected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What is the first sign in 70% of untreated patients?

A

Resting Tremor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What occurs with rigidity and hypertonicity

A
  • Gait is slow and short stepped; eventually a shuffle
  • Cogwheeling (rigid/jerky movement)
  • Arm swing is lost
  • Bradykinesia
  • Hypophonia (Soft speech)
  • Balance is easily lost with continuing declines of postural reflexes
  • Handwriting become illegible
  • Initiation of movement difficult
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Signs and symptoms of head and neck area

A
  • Seborrhea of the face and scalp
  • Lack of facial expression
  • Diminished blink
  • Loss of decline in sense of smell
  • Slowness and softness of speech
  • Drooling becomes an issue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Three psychologic symptoms

A

Depression, anxiety, dementia (50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Parkinson’s Disease:

A

Look at slide (8)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Function of Dopamine Precursors

A

Metabolized to dopamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Dopamine precursors drugs

A

-Levadopa (L-dopa) and carbidopa (Sinemet, Madopar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Function of Dopamine Agonists

A

Mimics dopamine at receptor level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Dopamine Agonist Drugs

A

Bromocriptine (Parlodel), Ropinirole (requip), pramipexole (Mirapex)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Function of Dopamine Releasing Agent

A

Anticholinergic properties enhancing dopamine transmisison

17
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Dopamine Releasing Agent Drug

A

Amantadine (symmetrel)

18
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: MAO-B Inhibitor Function

A

Prevents metabolism of dopamine in the brain

19
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: MAO-B Inhibitor Drug

A

Selegiline (Eldepryl)

20
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Anticholinergic Drug Function

A

Blocks effects of ACH to rebalance levels with dopamine

21
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Anticholinergic Drugs

A

-Trihexyphenidyl (Artane), Beztropine mesylate (Cogentin), levodopa, carbidopa, and entacapone (Stalevo)

22
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Catechol-O Methyltransferase Inhibitor Function

A

Blocks an enzyme which prevents levodopa from breaking down

23
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitor Drugs

A

Tolacapone (Tasmar) and Entacapone (Camtan)

24
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Epinephrine consideration

A

Limit to 0.04 mg

25
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Effectiveness of Drugs over time

A

After 5 years, 50-70% of patients will become partially unresponsive to meds

26
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What can occur while the disease progresses?

A

Reduction in responsivenss to L-dopa and narrowing therapeutic window leading to fluctuations, dyskinesias, and drug failure

27
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Function of implantable electrode

A

-Emits electrical impulses at higher frequencies than the physiological normal

28
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What does the implantable electrode disrupt?

A

-Disrupts the normal functioning of the target area in the brain.

29
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What does the implantable electrode block?

A

Neural circuits

30
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What does the implantable electrode inhibit?

A

The overactivity of the thalamus which is cause of tremors

31
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: Describe how cell implants are used as therapy

A
  • Implantation of fetal nigral cells

- The cells survive and replace dopamine

32
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What should clinicans be prepared for when it comes to patient’s ability?

A
  • To care for self

- To understand others caring for oral needs

33
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What events may make it difficult for patients to receive dental care?

A
  • Can’t get into the office/clinic
  • Physical opening and providing access to treatment may be difficult
  • Inability to put head back
34
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What tools can be used to help with opening and providing dental care?

A
  • Mouth pop
  • Provide protection for airway
  • After treatment, incline chair slowly
  • Allow patient to sit upright and remain sitting for 3 to 5 minutes
  • Oral or IV sedation helpful to reduce tremors or dyskinesias to provide treatment
35
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What motor strength problems can these patients face?

A
  • Chewing
  • Drooling
  • Oral hygiene
  • Swallowing
  • Reflexes
36
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What drugs should we be aware of when treating these patients?

A

Antiparkinsonian drugs can be CNS depressants -> additive effect with sedation

37
Q

Parkinson’s Disease: What are some oral treatment guidelines we should keep in mind as clinicans?

A
  • Frequent recalls: 3-6 months
  • Customized oral home care regimen w/power brushes, portable suction
  • Evaluate and integrate a caregiver into oral hygiene care methods
  • Maintain esthetics to enhance self-esteem
  • Plan for decline

OM Spring 2022 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions