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Anatomy Week 12 BT > Parker SG > Flashcards

Parker SG Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the true and false pelvis?

A

Terminal line

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2
Q

What muscles make up the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Coccygeus and Levator Ani

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3
Q

What two spaces are separated by the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Pelvis and Perineum

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4
Q

What is the most important origin of levator ani?

A

Tendinous Arch of Levator Ani

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5
Q

What is the tendinous arch of levator ani derived from?

A

Obturator internus fascia (thickening of parietal pelvic fascia)

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6
Q

What is the most important part of the pelvic diaphragm that helps to maintain rectal continence?

A

Puborectalis muscle

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7
Q

What are the 3 umbilical folds and what are they made from?

A

MediaN - obliterated urachus
medialL - obliterated umbilical artery
Lateral - inferior epigastric a.

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8
Q

What vertebral level does the sigmoid colon begin at?

A

S3

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9
Q

Which parts of the colon are in the pelvis?

A

Sigmoid (false)

Rectum (true)

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10
Q

When does rectum become anal canal?

A

When it passes through the pelvic diaphragm into perineum

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11
Q

Above Pectinate line.

  • Nerves
  • Blood
  • Lymph
A

Nerves: AUTONOMIC
Sympathetic - Lumbar Splachnics
Parasympathetic - Pelvic Splanchnics

Blood:
Superior Rectal a. (SMA)
Superior Rectal v. (SMV –> PORTAL)

Lymphatics:
Internal Iliac Lymph Nodes

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12
Q

Below Pectinate Line

  • Nerves
  • Blood
  • Lymph
A

Nerves: SOMATIC
inferior rectal n. (pudendal n.)

Blood:
Middle and Inferior Rectal a. (CAVAL)

Lymph:
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

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13
Q

What type of hemorrhoids are painful?

A

Those that are below the pectinate line, because the innervation becomes somatic

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14
Q

T or F: the middle rectal a. is above the pelvic diaphagm

A

True

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15
Q

What fibers innervate the different parts of the bladder:

  • detrussor
  • internal urethral sphincter
A

Detrussor
Parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnics)

Internal Urethral Sphincter
Sympathetic (Lumbar? splachnics)

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16
Q

T or F: the internal urethral sphincter prevents retrograde ejaculation?

A

True

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17
Q

What is significant about the internal urethral sphincter preventing retrograde ejaculation?

A

Emission AND ejactulation (somatic and symp) are controlled by SYMPATHETIC stimulation

  • internal urethral sphincter closes tightly under this stimulation to prevent retrograde ejaculation
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18
Q

Where do the ureters cross the pelvic brim?

A
  • The bifurcation of the common iliac a.
19
Q

What are the components of the UG diaphragm?

A

External Urethral Sphincter

Deep Transverse Perineal

20
Q

What is the innervation of the external urethral spincter?

A
  • Perineal Branch of Pudendal

** Remember - ALL 5 Muscles of the PERINEUM are under PERINEAL N. Control

21
Q

What openings can be found in the seminal colliculus?

A
  • Prostatic Utricle

- Ejactulatory Ducts

22
Q

Where do the Cowper’s glands empty?

A
  • Spongy urethra
23
Q

What is the lowest part of the female peritoneal cavity?

A

Rectouterine pouch

**Fluid accumulation and ectopic pregnancy Sites

24
Q

What is anteVersion

A

Vaginal/Cervix angle

25
Q

What is anteflexion?

A

Cervix/Uterus angle

26
Q

What important structures are found in the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A

Ovarian a/v and ovarian nerve plexus

27
Q

where is the vas deferens in relation to the epigastric vessels at the deep inguinal ring?

A
  • Vas passes lateral to inferior epigastrics
28
Q

How does the vas deferens travel after exiting the inguinal canal?

A

Over the pubis
Posterioly across body of the bladder
then SUPERIOMEDIAl to ureter to join seminal vesicle

29
Q

What does the ejaculatory duct empty into, and what structures join to make it?

A
  • empties to seminal colliculus in PROSTATIC URETHRA
30
Q

What are the two layers of Pelvic fascia and what makes up each of these?

A

Parietal:
Continuation of TRANSVERSALIS of abdomin

Visceral:
ENDOPELVIC layer - continuation of EXTRAPERITONEAL CT

31
Q

What are the 2 specializations on the parietal layer of pelvic fascia?
- What do these specializations do?

A
  1. Tendinous Arch of Levator Ani
    - Separates Pelvis and Perineum
    - ORIGIN of Levator Ani
  2. Tendinous Arch of Pelvis Facia (“white line”)
    - suture site in pelvic surgery
32
Q

What are the 3 specializations of the Visceral layer of pelvic fascia?

A
  1. Puboprostatic (males) or Pubovesical (females)
    - anchors the neck of the bladder
  2. Cardinal (transverse cervical) Ligament (females)
    - Water under the bridge
  3. Sacrogenital (males) and Uterosacral (females)
    - make rectovesical/rectouterine fold when covered in mucosa
33
Q

Where does the aorta bifurcate into the common iliacs?

A

L4

34
Q

Where does the ureter cross the pelvic brim?

A
  • At the level of the of common iliac bifurcation
35
Q

What forms the anterior boundary of the ovarian fossa?

A
  • External Iliac a.
36
Q

What are the 3 parietal branches from the posterior division of internal iliac?

A
  • iliolumbar
  • lateral sacral a.
  • superior gluteal a. (terminal branch)
37
Q

What are the Parietal Branches of the anterior division of internal iliac?

A
  1. obturator a.
  2. inferior gluteal a. (terminal branch)
  3. internal pudendal. a (terminal branch)
38
Q

What are the 4 Visceral branches of the anterior internal iliac?

A
  1. Superior Vesical a. (from Umbilical A.)
  2. Inferior Vesical a.
  3. Middle Rectal a.
  4. Uterine a.
39
Q

What iliac branch passes between lumbrosacral trunk and S1 root?

A

Superior Gluteal

40
Q

What iliac branch passes between S2 and S3?

A

Inferior Gluteal

41
Q

What iliac branch would have the ureter passing directly under it?

A

Uterine a.

42
Q

How to GVA PAIN fibers get back to the dorsal root ganglion?

A

They travel retrograde on GVE SYMPATHETIC nerve paths

  • ***Exception to this rule = PAIN LINE
  • below the pain line GVA PAIN travels via PELVIC spanchnics to DRG of S2, 3, and 4

**This explains why epidurals at S2-4 work because pain is actually transmitted here for pelvic viscera and somatic (pudendal n. S2-S4)

43
Q

How do GVA REFLEX fibers get back to the dorsal root ganglia?

A

They travel retrograde on GVE PARAsympathetic nerve paths

44
Q

Contents and derivations of the Spermatic cord.

A

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Anatomy Week 12 BT (4 decks)

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