Parenteral Medications Flashcards
General considerations:
Break skin barrier, use aseptic technique, intro foreign bodies into body
Types:
ID, IM, SQ, IV
Advantages of pateneral route:
Rapid, use in emergency, more accurate, prevents gastric irritation, used if oral route not accessible, if unconscious, nauseous, vomiting, dysphagia, local anesthetic, concentration of med
Disadvantages:
Aseptic technique, painful (increased stress), potential for needle to break off in skin, can be irritating, once inj impossible to retrieve
Elderly considerations:
Decreased muscle mass/SQ tissue, absorption increased, may bleed more, apply pressure bandage
Two types of safety syringes:
Passive (pulls back on its own) and active (manually pull back) once locked can’t reopen
Intradermal injections:
Most often used in dx testing (allergy, TB, VX), <0.5 ML, slowest absorption, sites (ventral surface of inner arm, upper arm, upper back, upper chest), discomfort due to nerve endings
ID nursing process:
Assess site to be used: drug to be inj./ actions response, patient response. Equipment: TB syringe, 27g, alcohol wipe, gloves, vial, 2x2/bandaid. Evaluate: w/in 30 min after, confirm via EMR, document location
Subcutaneous injections:
Loose connective tissue below dermis, don’t use SQ or SC abbreviations, most common inj. Heparin and insulin, slow absorption, sites: thigh, upper hip, upper back, upper arm, abdomen, alternate sites, avoid compromised sites, 0.5-2.0 (0.1) ml
SQ injection nursing process:
Assess: (allergies, med action and SE, patient knowledge, sites), equipment: order, appropriate, needle and syringe, alcohol, gloves, syringe depends on med, evaluate: document site
Heparin injections:
Abdomen away from umbilicus, above iliac crest ( occasionally given in thighs or arm), use 3/8” 25g at 90 degree angle, do not message/ change needle before adm, check labs!! ( PT/PTT/platelet)
Intramuscular injection:
Deposits deep in muscle tissue, rich in blood supply, quick absorption, few sensory nerves, less painful adm of irritating drugs, greater risk of damage to nerves and blood, inject slowly, complications, can tolerate up to 3ml/inj., sites (avoid large blood vessels, nerves, bones), needles 21-23g/1-1.5”,
Site selection for IM injection:
Deltoid (<1 yr
Two types of safety syringes:
Passive (pulls back on its own) and active (manually pull back) once locked can’t reopen
Intradermal injections:
Most often used in dx testing (allergy, TB, VX), <0.5 ML, slowest absorption, sites (ventral surface of inner arm, upper arm, upper back, upper chest), discomfort due to nerve endings
