Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medicine Design Manufacture > Parental products > Flashcards

Parental products Flashcards

1
Q

What dosage forms do parental productsa come in?

A

(1) Solution
(2) Emulsion
(3) Suspension
(4) Concentrate
(5) Powder
(6) Gel
(7) Implant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are parental products administrated via?

A

(1) Injection
(2) Infusion
(3) Implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where in the body are parental products admistrated?

A

(1) Vascular system (Veins)
(2) Soft tissue
(3) Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Under what circumstances are parental products used?

A

(1) When 100% bioavailability is required
(2) Oral route is unavailable
(3) Drug may not be absorbed orally or may be metabolised in GI track/liver
(4) Rapid effect (emergency)
(5) Delayed, prolonged, controlled or localised effect required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What range of volume is considered small volume?

A

SVP Less than or equal to 100ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What range of colume is considered large volume?

A

LVP 100 - 1000 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Routes of delivery - injection

A

(1) Injection
(2) Intramuscular
(3) Intravenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dosage forms - Injections

A

(1) Sterile solution
(2) Emulsion
(3) Suspension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Packaging - Injections

A

(1) Ampoules
(2) Viles
(3) Prefilled solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are Infusions SVP or LVP

A

LVP >100ml - 1000ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Administration - Infusions

A

Intravenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dosage forms - Infusions

A

(1) Sterile solution
(2) Emulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Do infusions contain perservatives?

A

No perservative - single use only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Packaging - Infusions

A

(1) Glass
(2) Plastice bottles
(3) Collapsible plastic bags (additive ports)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When are concentrated solutions used?

A

For injection or Infusion after dilution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are concentrated solutions diluted with

A

(1) Water for injection
(2) 0.9% w/v sodium chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why are powders used for parental products?

A

When the drug is unstable in aqeous solution, powders are used whch arereconstituted with water for injection prior to administration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are powders freeze dried?

A

To remove and water from the final product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why are gels used?

A

Enhanced viscocity allows a modified-release of the active substance(s) at the site of injection

20
Q

What are implants?

A

Sterile solid preperations containing one or more active ingridient

21
Q

Why are implants used?

A

Provides release of the active ingridient over an extended period of time

22
Q

Manufacturing of implants

A

Manufactured via:
(1) Titanium
(2) Silicone
(3) Polymers

23
Q

Routes of administration - angles and location

A

(1) Intramuscular - 90° - Into muscle
(2) Subcutaneous - 45° - Into subcutaenous tissue
(3) Intravenous - 25° - Into veins
(4) Intradermal - 10° - Into dermis

24
Q

Erros in administration

A

(1) Wrong route - IV instead of IM
(2) Wrong preparation - diluted in wrong solvent
(3) Wrong drug
(4) Wrong dose - decimal point/calculation error
(5) Wrong time
(6) Omission of drug

25
Where are parental porducts manufactured ?
Clean room - terminally sterilised or aseptically prepared
26
Why do parental products need to be sterile?
Microorganisms and oyrogens may bypass the bodys natural defence system and barriers going directly into blood stream or tissue - patients may be immunocomprimised, require nutrition, age compromised
27
Solutions must be ___ of ____ ____ and ___ number of ___ ___ particles
In suspensions particles __ __ __ but not delivered ___
28
What happens if particles are found in parental products?
Can lodge capilliries resulting in pulmanory embolism
29
What vehicles are used in parental products?
Water for injection co-solvents (aid solubility in porly soluble drugs) solubilizing agents (aid dissolution eg. cyclodextrins) Oil in water (water insoluble drugs) Oil (intramuscular injections for modified release)
30
purpose of preservatives in parental products
To inhibit growth of microorganisms introduced into multi-dose products co-solvents can also exhibit microbal effects
31
Why are antioxidants involved in parental products?
oxidation - displacing oxygen with nitrogen gas antioxidants - vitamin C and E, sulphate salts Hydrolysis - removes all water
32
What ranges should the pH be for parental products and why?
pH must be between 3.0 - 9.0 so it is not too acidic or basic
33
How is pH maintained in parental products?
Buffers are used to maintain pH (eg. citric acid, sodium citrate) acidifying or alkalizing agents (eg. hydrochloric acid / sodium hydroxide)
34
Purpose of suspending agents in parental products?
Ensures drug is readily and uniformly suspended prior to administration eg. water soluble cellulose derivitives (methylcellulose)
35
Injections and infusions should be made ___ with ___ ___
Injections and infusions should be made isotonic with humsn plasma
36
Osmosis:
the movement of water from a lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration across a semi-permeable membrane
37
Tonicity adjustment agents
Used so injectin/infusion is isotnoic with human plasma eg. 0.9& sodium chloride solution (osmolarity 286 mmol/L) = Isotonic with human plasma (osmolarity 280-295 mmol / kg)
38
What is meant by hypotonic
(1) Lower solute concentration (higher water concentration (2) Lower osmotic pressure than blood plasma - water driven into cells by osmosis - Cell burst - Pain (3) counter by adding sodium chloride/dextrose (4) Restore cell volums by adding Saline`
39
What is meant by isotonic?
Same conentration of solute in solution and blood plasma - same osmotic pressure - no osmosis
40
what is meant by hypertonic?
(1) Higher solute concentration (lower water concentration) (2) Higher osmotic pressure than blood plasma - water driven out of cells via osmosis - shrink - pain
41
Packaging of Vials
(1) Volume - 5-100ml (2) Glass with reusable self sealing rubber closure, plastic dust cap (3) Multiple use - preservative
42
Packagine Ampoules
(1) small volume - <1-10ml (2) Glass or plastic (3) Single use -unpreserved (4) Open neck, selaed after filling
43
Packaging Prefilled syringe
(1) Small volume - 0.5 - 20ml (2) Glass or plastic-base prefilled syringe and their corresponding syringe (3) Convenient, affordable, sterile, safe
44
Packaging Infusion bags/bottles
(1) Volume (100-1000ml) (2) Glass bottles, plastic collapsible bags, semi-ridged plastic bottles (3) Addititve ports (4) Single use
45
What are the disadvantages of Parental products?
(1) Patient compliance (2) Painful/stressful (needle phobia) (3) Expensive (4) stringent require for manufacture (5) Professional administration

Medicine Design Manufacture (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions