Medicinal Solutions Flashcards
What is the definition of a solution?
A mixture of two or more components that form a single phase that is homogenous to the molecular level.
___ (___ ___) is dissolved in the ___ (___ ___)
Solute (disepresed phase) is disolved in the solvent (dispersion medium)
Name the following dosage forms:
Solid dispersed in liquid
Solid dispersed in solid
Solid dispersed in gas
Liquid dispersed in liquid
Liquid dispersed in gas
Gas dispersed in gas
(1) Suspension
(2) solid solution
(3) inclusion
(4) emulsion
(5) aerosol
(6) mixture
What does the term miscibility refer to?
When a liquid is dispersed in a liquid or when a gas is dispersed in a gas we refer to it as miscibility rather than solubility
Define the following pharmacy solutions:
Syrup
Linctus
Elixr
Mixture
Drops
Syrup - A liquid medicine containing a sugar solution for flavouring or preservation
Linctus - A syurupy medicinal solution, taken to relive coughs/sore throats
Elixr - Aliquid containing medicinal drug containing syrup, glycerine or alcohol added to mask its unpleasent taste
Mixture - Solution, suspension or emulsion
Drops - Could be solution or suspension, for specific application to tongue, eyes or ears.
Advantages of solutions
(1) Drug is uniformly distributed thoughout solution
(2) Unifromed dose - providing volume is accurately measured
(3) Absorption is not delayed as drug is already in solution
(4) Easy to swallow (oral solutions)
Disadvantages of solutions
(1) Generally less stable than solid forms
(2) Unpleasent flavours can be difficult to mask
(3) Bulk to carry around
(4) A 5ml spoon, or syring is required to measure the dose
What is an example of an aqeous solution used in pharmacy?
Syrup BP
Sucrose 66.7% w/v
Water to 100% w/v
High concentration is necesery for stability
High osmotic pressure counters microbial growth as by osmosis bacterial cells will burst
If diluted below 66.7% w/v microbial growth is likely to occur
What is an example of a nasal solution used in pharmacy and its properties?
Isotonic saline 0.9% w/v
Most frequently used for decongestion for flu like symptoms or to administer local steroids for the treatment of allergic rhinitis
What is classed as a natural polymer and give examples
Natural polymers consist of polysaccharides and proteins
Polysachharides includes cellulose, starch and xanthan which are derived from plant cells
Protiens include collagen and geletine which are derived from vertebrates
What are natural polymers vulnerable to?
Microbial degredation
What is classed as semi-synthetic polymers and give examples
Cellulose Ethers are semi-synthetic polymers as the natural product, cellulose, has been modified chemically in an industrial process.
(1) Methylcellulose (MC)
(2) Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
(3) Ethyl cellulose (EC)
(4) Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
What are the examples of synthetic polymers
Poly(acrylic acid) - Carbomer - PAA
Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone - Povidone - PVP
Poly(vinyl alcohol) - Poval - PVA
Poly(ethylene glycol) - Macrogol - PEG
Poly(ethylene oxide) - Polyox - PEO
What canb be said about synthetic polymers compared to natural polymers?
Unlike polymers of natural sources the quality of synthetic polymers can be readily assured
What canb be said about synthetic polymers compared to natural polymers?
Unlike polymers of natural sources the quality of synthetic polymers can be readily assured
