Parent-child relationship

Question 1

How do parents’ affect their children’s’ lives?

Answer 1

1. typological approach: parenting styles (Baumrind).
2. dimensional approach: parenting styles and practices (responsiveness and control).
3. parent-child interactions: affect management, attention regulation processes, and cognitive representations.

Question 2

Explain the self-determination theory.

Answer 2

According to the self-determination theory, children need three needs satisfied in order to function optimally. The needs according to this theory are autonomy, relatedness, and competence.

Question 3

With what behaviours can parents support their children in the SDT need satisfaction?

Answer 3

1. Competence: improve zone of proximal development (1. set guidelines 2. monitor 3. feedback).
2. Autonomy: set intrinsic rewards, internalizing of rules, and train emotion-regulation skills.
3. Relatedness: be present & supportive, engage in joint activities and give the child warmth and affection.

Question 4

What constitutes co-parenting alliances?

Answer 4

Important factors in co-parenting alliances are the division of labour, child-rearing agreement, support vs undermining, and joint family management.

Question 5

How does the parent-child relationship change in adolescence?

Answer 5

According to the separation-individuation theory, adolescents become more distant from their parents. This is stimulated by an increase in conflicts, a decrease in perceived power and a decrease in social support.

Question 6

What happens during communication in adolescence.

Answer 6

Communication between parent and child is dependent on the monitoring and solicitation of the parent as well as the disclosure by the teenager.

Question 7

What areas have been studied for intergenerational attachment?

Answer 7

The areas that have been studied are attachment, child abuse, parenting behaviours and peer relations.

Question 8

What are the adult representation styles?

Answer 8

1. secure-autonomous.
2. dismissing style.
3. preoccupied style.
4. unresolved style.

Question 9

Explain intergenerational transmission of child abuse.

Answer 9

There are two types of transmission: indirect and direct transmission. This transmission follows either a pattern of heterotypic or homotypic continuity.

Question 10

What are the mechanisms of intergenerational transmission?

Answer 10

Potential mechanisms are social learning theory, attachment theory, developmental psychopathology models, and heritability models.