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Redes > Parcial 2 > Flashcards

Parcial 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Protocol layering, packet switching, routing and data streaming are the principies on wich

A

Computer Networks

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2
Q

The computers and other devices that use the network for communication purposes are refered to as

A

Host

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3
Q

This is the delay that occurs after a send operation is executed before dta stars to arrive at the destination computer in network performance

A

Latency

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4
Q

This term is used to refer to any computer or switching device attached to a network

A

Node

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5
Q

This is the speed at wich data can be transferred between two computers in the network once transmission has begun

A

Data transfer rate

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6
Q

This is a single communication subsystem providing communication between all of the host that are conected to it, where the internet is constructed from many subnets

A

The internet

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7
Q

The carry messages at lower speeds between nodes that are often in different organizations and may be separated by large distances

A

Wide area networks (WANs)

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8
Q

The end-to-end communication must provide totally error-free: the detection of communication errors and their correction is the we call

A

Reliability

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9
Q

This is a sequence of binary data (an array of bits or bytes) of restricted lenght, together with addressing information sufficient to identify the source and destination computers

A

The simplest form of packet

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10
Q

This is a unit of routing (delivering data from one part of the internet to another)

A

Subnet

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11
Q

This type of networks is based on the high bandwith copper and fiber optic cabling recently installed in some towns and cities for the transmission of video, voice and other data over distances of up to 50 kilometers

A

Metropolitan area networks (MANs)

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12
Q

This is defines as the ability to meet deadlines when transmission and processing streams of real-time multimedia data

A

Quality of services

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13
Q

This is a communication subsystem in which several networks are linked together to provide common data communication facilities that overlay yhe technologies and protocols of the individual component networks and the methods used to their interconnection

A

Internetworks

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14
Q

This is why many networks technologies support the simultaneous transmission of messages to several recipients

A

Multicasting

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15
Q

The IEEE 802.16 WIMAX standars is targeted at this class of network. It aims to provide an alternative to wired connections to home and office buildings.

A

Wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs)

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16
Q

This is refered to as the transmission and display of audio and video in real time. It requires much higher handwidths than most other forms of communication in distribuited systems

A

Data Streaming

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17
Q

They are composed of a number of personal devices such as mobile phones, tablets, digital cameras, music players and so on that are now carried by many people

A

Wireless personal area networks (WPANs)

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18
Q

They are generally used to hold the video frames, but because the flow is continuous as opposed to the intermittent traffic generated by typical client-server interactions and are handled somewhat differently

A

UDP internet packets

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19
Q

In this type of network, most mobile phone networks are based on digital wireless network technologies such as the GSM standar, which is used in most countries of the world

A

Wireless wide area networks (WWAN)

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20
Q

They are specially designed to provide high bandwidth and low latencies and to support quality of services by resrvation of network resources

A

ATM networks

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21
Q

This is transmission technique that involves no switching, everything is transmitted to every node, and it is up to potential receivers to notice transmissions addressed to them

A

Broadcats

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22
Q

In this type of switching, each packet arriving at a node is first stored in memory at the node and then processed bya program that transmits it on a outgoing circuit, which transfers the packet to another node that is closer to its ultimate destination

A

Packet switching

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23
Q

Their operation was simple to understand, when a caller dialed a number, the pair of wires from her phone to the local exchange was connected by an automatic switch at the exchange to the pair of wires connectedthe other party’s phone

A

Circuit switching

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24
Q

This is used to refer to a well-know set of rules and formats to be used for communication between processes in roder to perform a given task

A

the term Protocol

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25
Q

The task of dividing messages into packets before transmission and reassembling them at the receiving computer is ussually performed in the transport layer

A

Packet assembly

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26
Q

They are software-defined destination points at as host computer. They are attached to processes, enabling data transmission to be addressed to a specific process at a destination node

A

Port / Ports

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27
Q

This is a numeric identifier that uniquely identifies a host computer and enables it to be located by nodes that are responsible for routing data to it

A

A network address

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28
Q

When a pair of nodes connected to two separate networks need to communicate through another type of network or over an alien protocol, they can do so by construcion a protocol under a scheme of

A

Tunnel / Tunneling

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29
Q

This is a function that is required in all networks exept those LANs such as the ethernet, that provide direct connections between all pairs of attached hosts

A

Routing

30
Q

A unified addressing scheme between different networks that enables packets to be addressing to any host connected to any subnet is an necessary element to build

A

Internetworking

31
Q

This must lend itself to the development of a flexible and efficient ruting scheme, but the addresses themselves cannot contain very much of the information needed to route a packet to its destination

A

The addressing scheme

32
Q

The determination of routes for the transmission of packets to their destinations is the responsability of this procedure, which has two parts

A

Routing alforithm

33
Q

It is based upon the permanent allocation of a normal IP address to each mobile host on a subnet in its home domain

A

Mobile IP

34
Q

The purpose of this is to monitor and control all communication into and out of a intranet

A

Firewall

35
Q

Message passing between a pair of processes can be support by two messgae communication operations

A

send and receive operations

36
Q

In this form of communication, the use of the send operation is non-blocking, the receive operation can have blocking and non-blocking variants

A

Asynchronous communication

37
Q

We can describe this as the guarantee to deliver the message despite a reasonable number of packets being dropped or lost

A

Reliability

38
Q

Both forms of communication (UDP and TCP)_______, which provides an endpoint for communication between processes

A

socket abstraction

39
Q

In this form onf communication , the sending and receiving processes synchonize at every message. In this case, both send and receive are blocking operations

A

the synchronous communication

40
Q

Any process may make use of multiple of these elements to receive message, but a process cannot share them with other process on the same computer

A

Ports

41
Q

The internet protocols, and the local port pairs define the

A

Message destination

42
Q

The consist of transmiting a message between a socket in one process and a socket in another process

A

Interprocess communication

43
Q

This is sent by UDP is transmitted from a sending process to a receive process without acknowledgment or retries

A

Datagram

44
Q

Messgae may be dropped occasionally, either because of a checksum error or because no buffer space is available at the source or destination, it’s called

A

Omission failures

45
Q

This defines reliable communicattion for channels in terms of two properties: integrity and validity

A

Failure model

46
Q

This was originated from BSD 4.x UNIX and provides the abstraction of a stream of bytes to wich data may be written and from which data may be read

A

API to the TCP protocol

47
Q

This assume that when a pair of processes are establishing a connection, one of them plays the client role and another play the server role, but thereafter the could be peers

A

The API for stream communication

48
Q

The TCP protocol uses an acknowledgement scheme. If the sender does not receive an acknowledgement with a time out, it retransmits the messgae and this is performed when

A

Lost messages

49
Q

The TCP protocol attempts to match the speeds of the processes that read from and write to a stream, this is called

A

Flow Control

50
Q

These items transmitted in messages can be data values of many different types, and not all computers store primitive values such as intergers in the same order

A

Individual primitive data

51
Q

This is process of taking a collection of data items and assembling or disassembling (respectively) into a form suitable for transmission in a message

A

Marshalling and Unmarshalling

52
Q

They are three alternative approaches to external data representation

A

XML, CORBA’s, Java’s object serialization

53
Q

The first one was designed for defining the appearance of web pages while the second one was designed for writing structures documnets for the web

A

HTML, XML

54
Q

They are tagged with ‘markup’ strings. the tags are used to describe the logical structure of the data and to associate atribute-vañue pairs witg logical structures

A

XML data items

55
Q

XML is _____________ in the sense that users can define theri own tags, in constrast to HTML, which uses a fixed set of tags

A

Extensible

56
Q

This is a markup language that was defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) for general use on the web

A

XML

57
Q

The structure of an XML document is defined by pairs of these elements encloses in angle brackets

A

Tags

58
Q

They define the name of values associate to tags in XML schemes

A

XML-Attributes

59
Q

This is used to enable clients to communicate with web services and for defining the interfaces and other properties of web services

A

XML-Service

60
Q

All of the information in XML elements must be expressed as character data. but teh question is how do we represent encrypted elements or secure hashes?

A

Binary data

61
Q

Every start tag has a matching end tag and all tags are correctly nested, these are

A

Basic Rules of XML

62
Q

Every XML document must have this as its first line and must least specify the version XML in use )which is currently 1.0)

A

Prolog

63
Q

This is a set of names for a collection of elemt types and distributes that is referenced by a URL

A

XML namespaces

64
Q

This defines the elements and attributes that can appear in a document, how the element are nested and the order and number of elements, and whether an element is empty or can include text

A

XML schema

65
Q

This protocol is bases on a trio of communication primitives: doOperation getRequest and sendReplay

A

The request-replay protocol

66
Q

This scheme invlolves the management of messgaes and requires that each messages have a unique element by which it may be referenced

A

Message Identifiers

67
Q

As its name indicates, it is a mechanism to call aprocedure or a function available on a remote computer

A

*RCP

68
Q

This uses the HTTP protocol to pass infotmation from a client computer to a server computer and uses a small XML vocabulary to describe the nature of request and responses

A

*XML-RPC Structure

69
Q

This specifies a procedure name and paramenters in the XML request, and the server returns either a fault or a response in the XML response

A

*XML RCP Parameters

70
Q

Data model, request structures and response structures are parts of

A

*XML RPC

71
Q

They are a simple list of types and contet -structs and arrays are the most complex types available

A

*

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