Parathyroid Pathology Flashcards
What is the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?
To stimulate Calcium release
How is PTH release controlled?
Calcium receptors on parathyroid gland, negative feedback
What vitamin is required for PTH release?
Magnesium
What is the acute presentation of hypercalcaemia?
Dehydration, thirst, polyuria, confusion
What is considered the classical presentation of hypercalaemia?
Stones (renal), bones, moans, psychic groans
What is the results of investigation of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Raised serum calcium, raised PTH
What is the results of investigation of hypercalaemia due to bone pathology?
Raised serum calcium, low PTH, raised ALP
How is acute hypercalcaemia treated?
Fluids, bisphosphonates, furosemide (once rehydrated), steroids
What is the treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism?
Reassure, very rarely surgery
Describe familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and its management
Presents with high serum Calcium however how urinary Ca excretion, give reassurance
How does hypocalcaemia present?
Acute medical emergency: paraesthesia, fatigue, muscle cramps/weakness, can progress to fits
How is acute hypocalcaemia treated?
IV calcium gluconate infusion
What are the causes of hypoparathyroidism?
Autoimmune, DiGeorge Syndrome (congenital), hypomagnesaemia, idiopathic
