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Endocrine > Fertility > Flashcards

Fertility Flashcards

1
Q

What does FSH do in females and males?

A

Females: stimulates follicular development, thickens endometrium
Males: spermatogenesis

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2
Q

What does LH do in females and males?

A

Females: peak stimulates ovulation, thickens endometrium, stimulates corpus luteum development

Males: spermatogenesis, testosterone secretion

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3
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle?

A

28-35 days

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4
Q

What are the 2 phases menstruation and how long are they?

A

Phase 1: follicular (variable length)

Phase 2: luteal (14 days)

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5
Q

when during the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

A

Between the follicular and luteal phases? (roughly day 14 - after peak in LH)

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6
Q

What are the functions of oestrogen?

A

Stimulates thickening of endometrium, cervical mucous
Follicular: stimulates gonadotrophin release (LH/FSH) - +ve feedback
Luteal: inhibits FSH/prolactin production - -ve feedback

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7
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A

Inhibits LH secretion (during luteal phase), raises basal temperature, relaxes smooth muscles

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8
Q

What are oligomenorrhoea, amenorrhoea and anovulatory?

A

Oligomenorrhoea: cycles >35 days
Amenorrhoea: no menstruation
Anovulatory: irregular cycle

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9
Q

What are the group I, II and III ovulatory disorders?

A

Group I: hypothalamic pituitary failure
Group II: hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction
Group III: Ovarian failure

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10
Q

What are the hormone changes in the different groups of ovulatory disorders?

A

Group I: normal prolactin, low FSH + LH, oestrogen deficiency (progesterone challenge test)

Group II: normal LH + FSH, normal oestrogen

Group III: high FSH + LH, low oestrogen (progesterone challenge test)

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11
Q

What disease is characteristic of group II ovulatory disorders?

A

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

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12
Q

Describe the symptoms of PCOS

A 
Strong link with obesity
Acne
Alopecia 
Hyperandrogenism
USS -> polycystic ovaries, increased ovarian volume, uni or bilateral
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13
Q

What causes group I ovulatory disorders and how is it treated?

A

Stress, excessive exercise, low BMI/anorexia, drugs, pituitary tumours
Stabilise weight, hormone therapy (daily FSH/LH injections)

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14
Q

What causes group III ovulatory disorders?

A

Premature menopause

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15
Q

What is a progesterone challenge test?

A

Measures levels of oestrogen

If bleed following 5 day progesterone course = normal oestrogen levels

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16
Q

What drug is given for PCOS to induce ovulation?

A

CLOMID

17
Q

How is group III ovulatory disorder treated?

A

Hormone replacement therapy and egg/embryo donation

18
Q

What is used to treated amenorrhoea due to hyperprolactinaemia?

A

Cabergoline (dopamine agonist)

Endocrine (8 decks)

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