PARATHYROID GLAND

Question 1

• Smallest endocrine gland in the body
• Located near the thyroid capsule and sometimes withing thyroid gland
• Placed posteriorly to the thyroid gland
• It secreted PTH which is a MAJOR HYPERCALCEMIC HORMONE

Answer 1

Parathyroid Gland

Question 2

The most common cause of hypercalcemia
Due to the presence of functioning PARATHYROID ADENOMA
Accompanied by PHOSPHATURIA

Answer 2

Primary Hyperparathyroidism

Question 3

• Develops in response to decreased serum calcium
• There is diffuse hyperplasia of all four glands
• Patient may develop severe bone disease
• Causes: Vitamin D Deficiency and Chronic Renal Failure

Answer 3

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism

Question 4

• It occurs with secondary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 4

Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism

Question 5

• It is due to the accidental injury to the parathyroid gland during surgery
• May also caused by autoimmune parathyroid destruction
• Unable to maintain calcium concentration in blood without calcium supplementation

Answer 5

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 6

• It develops due to a GENETIC MUTATION resulting to ineffective PTH action in the presence of a functioning parathyroid gland
• A defect in G-protein of adenylate cyclase
• The calcium ion remains in the bone storage pool
• Result shortened metatarsal and metacarpals

Answer 6

Pseudohypoparathyroidism / Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy