Parathyroid disorders Flashcards
1
Q
hyperparathyroidism can be
A
primary or secondary
2
Q
primary hyperparathyroidism
A
- One of 4 parathyroid gland develops an adenoma and secretes excessive parathyroid hormone
- Causes serum calcium to rise and serum phosphate to fall
3
Q
symptoms of primary primary hyperparathyroidism
A
- Stones- kidney stone
- Also polyuria
- Stone – constipation, peptic ulcers, pancreatitis
- Moans and groan - Bone and muscle aches
4
Q
secondary hyperparathyroidism
A
- All 4 glands become hyperplastic
- Seen in patients with vitD deficiency
- VitD deficiency means that their calcium absorption is low resulting in low serum calcium levels, that can cause OTH levels to rise
- Vitamin D deficiency can be dietary/ environmental
- Or seen in chronic renal failure due to failure of 25 hydroxylation of vitamin D
- Calcium reabsorption decreased
5
Q
in terms of membrane depolarisation calcium
A
raises the threshold for nerve membrane depolarisation and therefore the development of an action potential
6
Q
Hypercalcaemia leads to
A
to suppression of neuronal activity – lethargy, confusion, coma
7
Q
hypocalcaemia leads to
A
leads to ‘excitable’ nerves – tingling, muscle tetany and even epilepsy
8
Q
hypocalcaemia is mostly seen
A
post total thyroidectomy
9
Q
sensory symptoms of hypocalcaemia
A
tingling of mouth and fingers
10
Q
motor symptoms of hypocalcaemia
A
- due to tetany of muscles
- carpopedal spasm
11
Q
osteoporosis
A
- Older age
- Skeleton gets weaker
- More likely to break
- Holes in the bones
- Less bone
12
Q
osteomalacia
A
- Vit D deficiency
- Softens bone
- Less mineralisation
- Stripping calcium from bone
- Not absorbing across gut properly ( problem with vitamin d)- therefore takes from Skelton
- Long Bones start to bow
- Rickets
