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U5 pharm > Parathyroid and Bone > Flashcards

Parathyroid and Bone Flashcards

1
Q

Bisphosphonates

  • mechanism (2)
  • clinical uses (4)
  • side effects (2)
A
  • stabilize hydroxyapatite bone structure (matrix) and induce osteoblasts to secrete inhibitors of osteoclasts > decreased bone reabsorption > decrease the progression of osteoporosis
  • Paget’s disease, post menopausal osteoporosis, drug-induced osteoporosis, and hypercalcemia of malignancy
  • bone mineralization defects > increased risk of osteosarcoma, and GI distress
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2
Q

Examples of oral bisphosphonates

A

Alendronate, risedronate, and ibandronate

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3
Q

Examples of IV bisphosphonates

A

Ibandronate, pamidronate, and zoledronic acid

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4
Q

Which bisphosphonates bypass the GI tract and what are their side effects

A

Pamidronate and zoledronic acid, flu-like symptoms

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5
Q

Teriparatide

  • mechanism
  • use
  • side effects
  • limitations
A
  • PTH analog
  • once daily to stimulate osteoblast and bone formation
  • if given continuously it would stimulate osteoclast and worsen problem; also increased risk for osteosarcoma
  • can only be given up to two years
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6
Q

What three drugs can be used to treat hypercalcemia

A

calcitonin, hydrocortisone, and prednisone

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7
Q

Calcitonin

  • mechanism
  • use
A
  • increase urinary Ca excretion, inhibit hone reabsorption

- short term management (repeated use down regulates receptors > tachyphylaxis)

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8
Q

Hydrocortisone

  • class
  • mechanism
  • use
A
  • corticosteroid
  • decrease production of 1, 25 bit D; may inhibit growth of neoplastic lymphoid tissue
  • hypercalcemia from vit D intoxication, granulomatous disease, or hematologic malignancy
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9
Q

Prednisone

  • class
  • mechanism
  • use
A
  • corticosteroid
  • decrease production of 1, 25 bit D; may inhibit growth of neoplastic lymphoid tissue
  • hypercalcemia from vit D intoxication, granulomatous disease, or hematologic malignancy
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10
Q

What three classes of drugs can be used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism

A

calcimimetic, phosphate binder, Vit D analog

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11
Q

Cinacalcet

  • class
  • mechanism
  • use
  • side effect
A
  • calcimimetic
  • reduce PTH and serum calcium levels
  • secondary hyperPTH
  • vision changes, palpitations, dizziness
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12
Q

Calcium carbonate

  • mechanism
  • use
A
  • phosphate binder

- secondary hyperPTH

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13
Q

calcium acetate

  • mechanism
  • use
A
  • phosphate binder

- secondary hyperPTH

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14
Q

sevelamer

  • mechanism
  • use
A
  • phosphate binder

- secondary hyperPTH

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15
Q

calcitriol

  • mechanism
  • use
A

Vit D analong, elevates serum Ca

secondary hyper PTH

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16
Q

paracalcitol

  • mechanism
  • use
A

vit D analog, elevates serum Ca

secondary hyperPTH

17
Q

doxecalciferol

  • mechanism
  • use
A

vit D analog, elevates serum Ca

secondary hyperPTH

18
Q

Name 4 drugs that can be used to treat osteoporosis

A

bisphosphonates, teriparatide, Raloxifene, and denosumab

19
Q

Raloxifine

  • class
  • mechanism
  • use
  • side effect
A
  • selective estrogen receptor modulator
  • decrease bone reabsorption
  • treat osteoporosis
  • increased risk of DVT and hot flashes
20
Q

Denosumab

  • class
  • mechanism
  • use
A
  • monoclonal AB
  • inhibits RANK ligand (anti-osteoclasts)
  • osteoporosis
21
Q

What is the only anabolic treatment for osteoporosis

A

teraparitide

U5 pharm (4 decks)

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