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U5 pharm > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Lispro

  • onset
  • peak effect
  • duration
A
  • 0.3-0.5hrs
  • 1-2hrs
  • 3-4hrs
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2
Q

Aspart

  • onset
  • peak effect
  • duration
A
  • 0.3-0.5hrs
  • 1-2hrs
  • 3-4hrs
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3
Q

Glulisin

  • onset
  • peak effect
  • duration
A
  • 0.3-0.5hrs
  • 1-2hrs
  • 3-4hrs
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4
Q

Insulin

  • onset
  • peak effect
  • duration
A
  • 0.5-1hrs
  • 2-4hrs
  • 5-7hrs
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5
Q

NPH, NPL, NPA

  • onset
  • peak effect
  • duration
A
  • 1-4hrs
  • 4-10hrs
  • 14-24hrs
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6
Q

Glargine

  • onset
  • peak effect
  • duration
A
  • 2-3hrs
  • no peak
  • > 24hrs
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7
Q

Detemir

  • onset
  • peak effect
  • duration
A
  • 3-4hrs
  • 4-8hrs
  • 6-24hrs
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8
Q

Which insulin analog has no danger of hypoglycemia

A

glargine

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9
Q

Canagliflozin

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A

SGLT2 inhibitor

  • reduce glucose reabsorption in kidney, increase urinary glucose excretion
  • UTI’s genital mycotic infection, volume depletion, hyperkalemia, hypersensitivity
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10
Q

Dapaglifloxin

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A

SGLT2 inhibitor

  • reduce glucose reabsorption in kidney, increase urinary glucose excretion
  • UTI’s genital mycotic infection, volume depletion, hyperkalemia, hypersensitivity
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11
Q

Empaglifloxin

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A

SGLT2 inhibitor

  • reduce glucose reabsorption in kidney, increase urinary glucose excretion
  • UTI’s genital mycotic infection, volume depletion, hyperkalemia, hypersensitivity
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12
Q

Glipizide

  • mechanism
  • side effects
  • *
A

sulfonylureas

  • block K+ channels in beta cells > depolarize cell > open Ca channel > Ca enters cell > insulin release
  • hypoglycemia (early morning), weight gain, drug interaction due to protein binding, allergies
  • *decreased hepatic dysfunction
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13
Q

Glypuride

  • mechanism
  • side effects
  • *
A

sulfonylureas

  • block K+ channels in beta cells > depolarize cell > open Ca channel > Ca enters cell > insulin release
  • hypoglycemia (early morning), weight gain, drug interaction due to protein binding, allergies
  • *active metabolite, decreased dose in renal dysfunction
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14
Q

Glimepiride

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A

sulfonylureas

  • block K+ channels in beta cells > depolarize cell > open Ca channel > Ca enters cell > insulin release
  • hypoglycemia (early morning), weight gain, drug interaction due to protein binding, allergies
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15
Q

Name 3 sulfonylureas

A

glimepiride, glypuride, glipizide

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16
Q

Metformin

  • mechanism
  • side effects
A
  • decrease postprandial glucose levels w/o causing hypoglycemia or weight gain, may involve increased tissue sensitivity to insulin (bypasses insulin receptor to enter cell and activate TFs) and/or decreased hepatic gluconeogenesis
  • lactic acidosis, GI distress (most common)
17
Q

What condition are oral sulfonylureas most effective for

A

Type II only! Type I doesn’t have beta cells for OSU’s to work on

18
Q

Acarbose/Miglitol

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A
  • inhibits alpha-glucosidase in brush borders of sm intestine > decreased formation of absorbable carbohydrate > decreased postprandial glucose > decreased demand for insulin
  • GI discomfort, flatulence, diarrhea, potential hepatotoxicity
19
Q

Pioglitazone

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A

thiazolidinediones

  • binds to PPARs involved in transcription of insulin-responsive genes > increased sensitization of tissues to insulin
  • less hypoglycemia than OSU’s, weight gain, edema
20
Q

Rosiglitazone

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A

thiazolidinediones

  • binds to PPARs involved in transcription of insulin-responsive genes > increased sensitization of tissues to insulin
  • less hypoglycemia than OSU’s, weight gain, edema
21
Q

What DM drugs decrease liver gluconeogenesis (2)

A

Metformin, glitazone

22
Q

What DM drugs increase tissue sensitivity to insulin (3)

A

Glitazone, metformin, bromocriptine

23
Q

What DM drugs increase pancreas production of insulin (2)

A

Repaglinide, OSU’s

24
Q

What DM drugs act in the GI tract to limit uptake of carbs (4)

A

acarbose, miglitol, colesevelam, pramlintide

25
Q

Repaglinide

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A

Meglitinide

  • closure of ATP-sensitive K channels on beta cells > depolarize cell > open Ca channels > Ca influx > insulin release
  • weight gain, hypoglycemia
26
Q

Nateglinide

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A

Meglitinide

  • closure of ATP-sensitive K channels on beta cells > depolarize cell > open Ca channels > Ca influx > insulin release
  • weight gain, hypoglycemia
27
Q

Colesevelam

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A
  • bile acid sequestrate

- no hypoglycemia, dizziness/syncope

28
Q

Pramlintide

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A

amylin analog

  • mimics amylin, slows gastric emptying, suppresses post prandial glucose secretion, reduce appetite
  • hypoglycemia
29
Q

Exenatide

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A
  • long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonst, used in type II DM > augments glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • nausea and hypoglycemia (esp combined w/ OSU’s)
30
Q

Liraglutide

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A
  • long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonst, used in type II DM > augments glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • nausea and hypoglycemia (esp combined w/ OSU’s)
31
Q

Albiglutide

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A
  • long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonst, used in type II DM > augments glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • nausea and hypoglycemia (esp combined w/ OSU’s)
32
Q

Dulaglutide

  • mechanism
  • side effect
A
  • long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonst, used in type II DM > augments glucose-dependent insulin secretion
  • nausea and hypoglycemia (esp combined w/ OSU’s)
33
Q

Sitagliptin

-mechanism

A

-inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) > inhibit inactivation of GLP-1

34
Q

Alogliptin

-mechanism

A

-inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) > inhibit inactivation of GLP-1

35
Q

Saxagliptin

-mechanism

A

-inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) > inhibit inactivation of GLP-1

36
Q

Linagliptin

-mechanism

A

-inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-4) > inhibit inactivation of GLP-1

U5 pharm (4 decks)

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