Parasympatholytics (postsynaptic inhibition)

Question 1

Atropine

Answer 1

Tertiary Tropane
Has peripheral and central effects
The peripheral effects: dry mouth, mydriasis (dilation of pupil), bronchodilation, tachycardia, constipation, dysuria, dry skin
Central effects: anti-nauseating for motion sickness, impaired cognitive function (memory, learning)
Blocks the action of acetylcholine
TOXICITY symptoms: restlessness, agitation, tantrum, hallucination, epileptiform seizures, extrapyramidal movement disorder, coma and death (100-150mg)

Question 2

Scopolamine

Answer 2

Tertiary tropane
Has peripheral + central effects
It is a central depressant

Question 3

Butilscopolamine

Answer 3

Quaternary tropane
Semi synthetic
Peripheral effects

Question 4

Ipratropium

Answer 4

Quaternary tropane
Bronchodilator, spray

Question 5

Thiotropium

Answer 5

Quaternary tropane
M3 selective
Bronchodilator, spray

Question 6

Umeclidinium

Answer 6

Quaternary nitrogen compound
Has peripheral effects
Bronchodilator, inhaled powder, COPD

Question 7

Cyclopentolate

Answer 7

Muscarinic antagonist
Tertiary nitrogen compound
Short acting (6-12 hours)
Eye drops
Primarily used in opthalmology to dilate the pupils (mydriasis) and temporarily paralyze the eyes focusing muscles.

Question 8

Tropicamide

Answer 8

Tertiary nitrogen compound
Short acting (6-7 hours)
Eye drops

Question 9

Procyclidine

Answer 9

Tertiary nitrogen compound
Parkinson’s disease
Works by blocking acetylcholine receptors helping to restore the balance between acetylcholine and dopamine in the brain

Question 10

Glycopyrronium bromide

Answer 10

Quaternary nitrogen compound
Peripheral effects
For phlegm, inhaled in COPD

Question 11

Oxybutynin

Answer 11

Tertiary nitrogen compound
Treatment of incontinence + overactive bladder

Question 12

Solifenacin

Answer 12

Tertiary nitrogen compound
M3 antagonist
Treatment of incontinence + overactive bladder