Parasomnia Flashcards
is a sleep disorder that involves unusual and undesirable physical events or
experiences that disrupt your sleep
Parasomnia
can occur before or during sleep or during arousal from sleep
Parasomnia
you might have abnormal movements, talk, express
emotions or do unusual things. You are really asleep, although your bed partner
might think you’re awake
Parasomnia
TYPES OF
PARASOMNIA
NREM
Parasomnia
REM
Parasomnia
are the first three stages of sleep – from first falling asleep to about
the first half of the night.
NREM
involve physical and verbal activity.
NREM
Parasomnia
You are not completely awake or aware during these events, are not
responsive to others’ attempts to interact with you and you usually
don’t remember or only partially remember the event the next day
NREM
Parasomnia
NREM parasomnia sually occur in individuals between
five and 25 years of age.
often occur in people who have a family history of similar
parasomnias.
NREM
Parasomnia
follows the three non-REM stages of the sleep
cycle
REM
The eyes rapidly move under your eyelids; heart
rate, breathing and blood pressure are all
increased. This is a time when vivid dreaming
occurs.
REM
Parasomnia
Parasomnias that happen during the latter part of the
night. If awakened during the event, it’s likely you’d
be able to recall part or all of the dream
REM
Parasomnia
Types of Non-REM
sleep Parasomnias
I. Sleep Terrors
II. Sleep Walking
III. Confusional Arousals
IV. Sleep-related Eating Disorder
It occurs when wake up suddenly in a
terrified state
SLEEP TERROR
Some patients may scream or cry in fright
SLEEP TERROR
Sleep terrors are usually brief
(30 seconds)
but can last up to a few minutes
Other features of SLEEP TERROR disorder are a
racing heart rate, open eyes with dilated pupils, fast
breathing and sweating
you get out of bed, move about with your
eyes wide open, but you’re actually asleep.
SLEEP WALKING
You may mumble or talk (sleep talking).
SLEEP WALKING
You may perform complex activities – such as driving or playing a musical
instrument – or do strange things like pee in a closet or move furniture.
SLEEP WALKING
It can be dangerous and lead to injuries because you’re unaware of
your surroundings.
SLEEP WALKING
You can bump into objects or fall down.
SLEEP WALKING
The patient may appear
to be partially awake,
but is confused and
disoriented to time and
space.
CONFUSIONAL
AROUSAL
May remain in bed, may
sit up, have your eyes
open, and may cry.
CONFUSIONAL
AROUSAL
Can speak slowly, have
trouble understanding
questions that are asked
or responding in a
sensible way.
CONFUSIONAL
AROUSAL
CONFUSIONAL AROUSAL episode may last
from a
few minutes to
hours.
CONFUSIONAL
AROUSAL are common in
_____ and tend to
decrease in frequency
with ________
childhood
increasing age.
The person tend to eat and drink while partially awake
SLEEP-RELATED
EATING DISORDER
may eat foods or food combinations you wouldn’t eat if
awake (such as uncooked chicken or slabs of butter).
SLEEP-RELATED
EATING DISORDER
Dangers include eating inedible or toxic foods, eating
unhealthy or too much food, or injuries from preparing or
cooking foods
SLEEP-RELATED
EATING DISORDER
TYPES OF REM
SLEEP PARASOMNIAS
I. Nightmare disorder
II. Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
III. REM sleep behavior disorder (RSBD)
These are vivid dreams that cause feelings of fear, terror and/or anxiety.
NIGHTMARE
DISORDER
may feel a threat to your survival or security
NIGHTMARE
DISORDER
If awakened during, you’d be able to describe your
dream in detail.
NIGHTMARE
DISORDER
often have trouble falling back to sleep
NIGHTMARE
DISORDER
NIGHTMARE DISORDER is more likely to occur if you’re
under stress or experience a traumatic event, illness/fever, extreme tiredness or after alcohol consumption
The person can’t move his/her body or limbs during sleep.
RECURRENT ISOLATED
SLEEP PARALYSIS
Scientists think the paralysis might be caused by an
extension of REM sleep – a stage in which muscles are already in a relaxed state.
This happens either before you fall asleep or as you are waking up.
RECURRENT ISOLATED
SLEEP PARALYSIS
RECURRENT ISOLATED SLEEP PARALYSIS Episodes last_____ and are distressing, usually causing anxiety or fear.
seconds to a few minutes
Sleep paralysis can be stopped if your bed partner
speaks to you or
touches you
the person act out, vocalize (e.g., talk, swear,
laugh, shout), or make aggressive movements
(e.g., punching, kicking, grabbing) as a
reaction to a violent dream.
REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR
DISORDER (RSBD)
is more common among older adults.
REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR
DISORDER (RSBD)
Many people with REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR
DISORDER have
neurodegenerative disease, such
as Parkinson’s disease, Lewy body
dementia, multiple system atrophy or stroke
CAUSES OF PARASOMNIA
Incomplete transition from being awake to the stages of sleep
Lack of sleep, irregular sleep-wake schedules (jet lag or shift work)
Medications including those that cause sleep, treat depression, treat psychotic
disorders, treat high blood pressure, treat seizures, treat asthma/allergy, and treat
infections
Medical issues that disrupt sleep, such as RLS, OSA, pain, narcolepsy,
sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm disorder, or PLM disorder
Lack of maturity of the sleep-wake cycle (in children with parasomnias)
CAUSES OF PARASOMNIA
(Other Health Issues)
–Fever.
–Stress.
–Alcohol or substance abuse.
–Head injury.
–Pregnancy or menstruation.
–Genetics. If there’s a family history of parasomnias, you’re more likely to have them.
–Inflammatory disease, such as encephalitis.
–Psychiatric illness: depression, anxiety, and PTSD
–Neurological disease: PD, stroke, multiple system atrophy, MS and brain tumors
SYMPTOMS OF
PARASOMNIA
Difficulty sleeping through the night.
Waking up confused or
disoriented
Being tired during the day
Finding cuts and bruises
on your body for which
you don’t remember the
cause
Displaying movements,
expressions, vocalizations
or activities – as told to
you by your bed partner –
that you don’t remember.
REM/NREM
SLEEP
DISORDER
MANAGEMENT
Follow good sleep hygiene habits (get 7-9 hours of
sleep/night; turn off lights, TV and electronic devices;
keep room temperature cool; avoid caffeine and
strenuous exercise near bedtime)
Maintain your regular sleep-wake schedule. Have a
consistent bedtime and wake up time.
Limit, or don’t use, alcohol or recreational drugs
Take all prescribed medications as directed by your
healthcare provider.
HOW TO
HAVE A
GOOD
NIGHT
SLEEP?
Create an optimal sleep environment
Think positive
Avoid using your bed for anything other than sleep and intimate relations
Try to clear your mind before bedtime
Establish a regular bedtime and a relaxing routine
Stop clock watching.
Avoid naps
Avoid stimulants
Avoid alcohol and tobacco
Exercise regularly
