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Polysomnography > Parasomnia > Flashcards

Parasomnia Flashcards

1
Q

is a sleep disorder that involves unusual and undesirable physical events or
experiences that disrupt your sleep

A

Parasomnia

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2
Q

can occur before or during sleep or during arousal from sleep

A

Parasomnia

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3
Q

you might have abnormal movements, talk, express
emotions or do unusual things. You are really asleep, although your bed partner
might think you’re awake

A

Parasomnia

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4
Q

TYPES OF
PARASOMNIA

A

NREM
Parasomnia

REM
Parasomnia

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5
Q

are the first three stages of sleep – from first falling asleep to about
the first half of the night.

A

NREM

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6
Q

involve physical and verbal activity.

A

NREM
Parasomnia

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7
Q

You are not completely awake or aware during these events, are not
responsive to others’ attempts to interact with you and you usually
don’t remember or only partially remember the event the next day

A

NREM
Parasomnia

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8
Q

NREM parasomnia sually occur in individuals between

A

five and 25 years of age.

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9
Q

often occur in people who have a family history of similar
parasomnias.

A

NREM
Parasomnia

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10
Q

follows the three non-REM stages of the sleep
cycle

A

REM

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11
Q

The eyes rapidly move under your eyelids; heart
rate, breathing and blood pressure are all
increased. This is a time when vivid dreaming
occurs.

A

REM
Parasomnia

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12
Q

Parasomnias that happen during the latter part of the
night. If awakened during the event, it’s likely you’d
be able to recall part or all of the dream

A

REM
Parasomnia

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13
Q

Types of Non-REM
sleep Parasomnias

A

I. Sleep Terrors
II. Sleep Walking
III. Confusional Arousals
IV. Sleep-related Eating Disorder

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14
Q

It occurs when wake up suddenly in a
terrified state

A

SLEEP TERROR

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15
Q

Some patients may scream or cry in fright

A

SLEEP TERROR

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16
Q

Sleep terrors are usually brief

A

(30 seconds)
but can last up to a few minutes

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17
Q

Other features of SLEEP TERROR disorder are a

A

racing heart rate, open eyes with dilated pupils, fast
breathing and sweating

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18
Q

you get out of bed, move about with your
eyes wide open, but you’re actually asleep.

A

SLEEP WALKING

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19
Q

You may mumble or talk (sleep talking).

A

SLEEP WALKING

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20
Q

You may perform complex activities – such as driving or playing a musical
instrument – or do strange things like pee in a closet or move furniture.

A

SLEEP WALKING

21
Q

It can be dangerous and lead to injuries because you’re unaware of
your surroundings.

A

SLEEP WALKING

22
Q

You can bump into objects or fall down.

A

SLEEP WALKING

23
Q

The patient may appear
to be partially awake,
but is confused and
disoriented to time and
space.

A

CONFUSIONAL
AROUSAL

24
Q

May remain in bed, may
sit up, have your eyes
open, and may cry.

A

CONFUSIONAL
AROUSAL

25
Q

Can speak slowly, have
trouble understanding
questions that are asked
or responding in a
sensible way.

A

CONFUSIONAL
AROUSAL

26
Q

CONFUSIONAL AROUSAL episode may last
from a

A

few minutes to
hours.

27
Q

CONFUSIONAL
AROUSAL are common in
_____ and tend to
decrease in frequency
with ________

A

childhood
increasing age.

28
Q

The person tend to eat and drink while partially awake

A

SLEEP-RELATED
EATING DISORDER

29
Q

may eat foods or food combinations you wouldn’t eat if
awake (such as uncooked chicken or slabs of butter).

A

SLEEP-RELATED
EATING DISORDER

30
Q

Dangers include eating inedible or toxic foods, eating
unhealthy or too much food, or injuries from preparing or
cooking foods

A

SLEEP-RELATED
EATING DISORDER

31
Q

TYPES OF REM
SLEEP PARASOMNIAS

A

I. Nightmare disorder
II. Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis
III. REM sleep behavior disorder (RSBD)

32
Q

These are vivid dreams that cause feelings of fear, terror and/or anxiety.

A

NIGHTMARE
DISORDER

33
Q

may feel a threat to your survival or security

A

NIGHTMARE
DISORDER

34
Q

If awakened during, you’d be able to describe your
dream in detail.

A

NIGHTMARE
DISORDER

35
Q

often have trouble falling back to sleep

A

NIGHTMARE
DISORDER

36
Q

NIGHTMARE DISORDER is more likely to occur if you’re

A

under stress or experience a traumatic event, illness/fever, extreme tiredness or after alcohol consumption

37
Q

The person can’t move his/her body or limbs during sleep.

A

RECURRENT ISOLATED
SLEEP PARALYSIS

38
Q

Scientists think the paralysis might be caused by an

A

extension of REM sleep – a stage in which muscles are already in a relaxed state.

39
Q

This happens either before you fall asleep or as you are waking up.

A

RECURRENT ISOLATED
SLEEP PARALYSIS

40
Q

RECURRENT ISOLATED SLEEP PARALYSIS Episodes last_____ and are distressing, usually causing anxiety or fear.

A

seconds to a few minutes

41
Q

Sleep paralysis can be stopped if your bed partner

A

speaks to you or
touches you

42
Q

the person act out, vocalize (e.g., talk, swear,
laugh, shout), or make aggressive movements
(e.g., punching, kicking, grabbing) as a
reaction to a violent dream.

A

REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR
DISORDER (RSBD)

43
Q

is more common among older adults.

A

REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR
DISORDER (RSBD)

44
Q

Many people with REM SLEEP BEHAVIOR
DISORDER have

A

neurodegenerative disease, such
as Parkinson’s disease, Lewy body
dementia, multiple system atrophy or stroke

45
Q

CAUSES OF PARASOMNIA

A

Incomplete transition from being awake to the stages of sleep

Lack of sleep, irregular sleep-wake schedules (jet lag or shift work)

Medications including those that cause sleep, treat depression, treat psychotic
disorders, treat high blood pressure, treat seizures, treat asthma/allergy, and treat
infections

Medical issues that disrupt sleep, such as RLS, OSA, pain, narcolepsy,
sleep deprivation, circadian rhythm disorder, or PLM disorder

Lack of maturity of the sleep-wake cycle (in children with parasomnias)

46
Q

CAUSES OF PARASOMNIA
(Other Health Issues)

A

–Fever.
–Stress.
–Alcohol or substance abuse.
–Head injury.
–Pregnancy or menstruation.
–Genetics. If there’s a family history of parasomnias, you’re more likely to have them.
–Inflammatory disease, such as encephalitis.
–Psychiatric illness: depression, anxiety, and PTSD
–Neurological disease: PD, stroke, multiple system atrophy, MS and brain tumors

47
Q

SYMPTOMS OF
PARASOMNIA

A

Difficulty sleeping through the night.

Waking up confused or
disoriented

Being tired during the day

Finding cuts and bruises
on your body for which
you don’t remember the
cause

Displaying movements,
expressions, vocalizations
or activities – as told to
you by your bed partner –
that you don’t remember.

48
Q

REM/NREM
SLEEP
DISORDER
MANAGEMENT

A

Follow good sleep hygiene habits (get 7-9 hours of
sleep/night; turn off lights, TV and electronic devices;
keep room temperature cool; avoid caffeine and
strenuous exercise near bedtime)

Maintain your regular sleep-wake schedule. Have a
consistent bedtime and wake up time.

Limit, or don’t use, alcohol or recreational drugs

Take all prescribed medications as directed by your
healthcare provider.

49
Q

HOW TO
HAVE A
GOOD
NIGHT
SLEEP?

A

Create an optimal sleep environment

Think positive

Avoid using your bed for anything other than sleep and intimate relations

Try to clear your mind before bedtime

Establish a regular bedtime and a relaxing routine

Stop clock watching.

Avoid naps

Avoid stimulants

Avoid alcohol and tobacco

Exercise regularly

Polysomnography (3 decks)

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