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Block 6 Week 5 > Parasitology Table: Protozoan Parasites > Flashcards

Parasitology Table: Protozoan Parasites Flashcards

1
Q

What do the following cause?
What is their common name?

Plasmodium falciparum
P. vivax
P. malariae
P. ovale

A

malaria;

falciparum: malignant tertian malaria
vivax and ovale: benign tertian malaria (every other day)
malariae: quarten malaria (every three days)

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2
Q

What is the infective form of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale?

A

sporozite

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3
Q

What is the transmission method of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale? What is the non-human host?

A

mosquito bite; mosquito

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4
Q

What is the habitat in the human of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale? What is the non-human host?

A

liver/blood RBCs

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5
Q

What disease/pathology does Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale cause?

A 
fever
anemia
cerebral malaria
hepatosplenomegaly
nephrosis
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6
Q

What is the diagnostic method for Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale?

A

thick and thin blood films

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7
Q

What drugs can be used for plasmodium?

A

chloroquine

primaquine

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8
Q

What is the common name for Trypanosoma gambiense/T. rhodesiense?

A

West African Sleeping Sickness/East African Sleeping Sickness

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9
Q

What is the infective form for humans of Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?

A 
metacyclic trypomastigote
(trypomastigote in blood and CNS)
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10
Q

What is the transmission method of Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense? What is the non-human host?

A

tsetse fly bite; reservoirs

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11
Q

What is the habitat in humans for Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?

A

blood/brain

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12
Q

What is the disease/pathology caused by Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?

A 
fever
anemia
lymphadenopathy (Winterbottom's sign)
CNS
somnolence, coma, death
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13
Q

How do you diagnose Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?

A

blood film

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14
Q

What drugs are used for Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?

A

suramin (pre-CNS disease)

melarsoprol (post-CNS disease)

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15
Q

What is the common name for Trypanosoma cruzi?

A

Chagas’ disease

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16
Q

What is the infective form for humans of Trypanosoma cruzi?

A

metacyclic trypomastigote

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17
Q

What is the transmission method of Trypanosoma cruzi? What is the non-human host?

A

Reduviid bug bite; reservoirs

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18
Q

What is the habitat in humans for Trypanosoma cruzi?

A

blood, heart, nerves

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19
Q

What is the disease/pathology caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?

A 
chagoma at bite site followed by unilateral periorbital edema (Romana's sign)
fever
lymphadenopathy
myocarditis
encephalitis
megaesophagous/colon
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20
Q

How do you diagnose Trypanosoma cruzi?

A

blood film

xenodiagnosis

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21
Q

What drug is used for Trypanosoma cruzi?

A

benznidazole

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22
Q

What is the common name for the following?

Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis

A

Kala Azar
chicle ulcer
espundia

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23
Q

What is the infective form for humans for the following?

Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis

A

promastigote (amastigotes within cells)

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24
Q

What is the transmission method for the following? What is the non-human host?

Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis

A

sand fly bite
(Phlebotomus);
canine/rodent reservoirs

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25
Q 
What is the habitat in humans for the following?
Visceral:
Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis

Cutaneous/Mucocutaneous:
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis

A

reticuloendothelial system
skin
skin/nasopharynx

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26
Q

What is the disease/pathology caused by
Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis

A 
fever
anemia
hepatosplenomegaly
cratiform ulcer **cutaneous
nasopharyngeal soft tissue erosion **mucocutaneous
27
Q

What is the diagnostic method for
Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis

A

bone marrow aspirate

serology needle aspiration

28
Q

What drugs are used for
Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis

A

miltefosine

Na stibogluconate

29
Q

What is the common name for Toxoplasma gondii?

A

toxoplasmosis

30
Q

What is the infective form for humans of Toxoplasma gondii?

A

oocyst (in cat feces)
pseudocyst (uncooked meat)
tachyzoite (prevent phagosome/lysosome fusion in host macrophages)

31
Q

What is the transmission method of Toxoplasma gondii? What is the non-human host?

A

fecal-oral
meat
congenital;
felines/mammals

32
Q

What is the habitat for T. gondii in humans?

A

brain
muscle
heart
lymph nodes

33
Q

What is the disease/pathology caused by T. gondii?

A

lymphadenopathy
chorioretinitis (chronic infection)
encephalitis in AIDS patients

34
Q

What is the diagnostic method for T. gondii?

A

lymph node biopsy

serology

35
Q

What drug is used for T. gondii?

A

pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

36
Q

What should you be concerned about w pregnancy and T. gondii?

A

if a mother is first infected during her first trimester of pregnancy - can cause chorioretinitis later in life

37
Q

What is the common name for Entamoeba histolytica?

A

amebiasis

amebic dysentery

38
Q

What is the infective form for humans of Entamoeba histolytica?

A

cyst –> becomes a trophozoite in the small intestine –> attaches to mucosa –> reverts to cyst and is passed in the feces

39
Q

What is the transmission method of Entamoeba histolytica? What is the non-human host?

A

fecal-oral; none

40
Q

What is the habitat in humans for Entamoeba histolytica?

A

colon

liver

41
Q

What is the disease/pathology caused by entamoeba histolytica?

A

diarrhea
dysentery
liver abscess

42
Q

What is the diagnostic method for entamoeba histolytica?

A

stool exam

radiology

43
Q

What is the drug of choice for entamoeba histolytica?

A

iodoquinol (for intestinal disease)

tinidazole (for extraintestinal disease)

44
Q

What is the common name for Giardia lamblia?

A

giardiasis

45
Q

What is the infective form of Giardia for humans?

A

cyst –> become trophozoites in small intestine –> attaches to mucosal epithelium via sucking disks

46
Q

What is the transmission method of Giardia? What is the non-human host?

A

fecal-oral

beaver, dog

47
Q

What is the habitat in humans for Giardia?

A

small intestine

48
Q

What is the disease/pathology caused by Giardia?

A

diarrhea
steatorrhea
farting
GI discomfort

49
Q

What is the diagnostic method for Giardia?

A

stool exam for cysts

string test

50
Q

What medication is used for Giardia?

A

metronidazole

51
Q

What is the common name for Cryptosporidium parvum?

A

cryptosporidiosis

52
Q

What is the infective form of Cryptosporidium parvum?

A

sporulated oocyst

53
Q

What is the transmission method of Cryptosporidium parvum? What is the non-human host?

A

fecal-oral; none

54
Q

What is the habitat for Cryptosporidium parvum in humans?

A

small intestine

55
Q

What is the disease/pathology caused by Cryptosporidium parvum?

A

abdominal discomfort
diarrhea
dysentery

  • *daily fluid loss up to 17L
  • *case fatality up to 50% in AIDS
56
Q

What is the diagnostic method for Cryptosporidium parvum?

A

stool exam for oocysts

57
Q

What is the drug of choice for Cryptosporidium parvum?

A

nitazoxanide

58
Q

What is the common name for Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

trichomoniasis

59
Q

What is the infective for for humans of Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

trophozoite

60
Q

What is the transmission method of Trichomonas vaginalis? What is the non-human host?

A

venereal; none

61
Q

What is the habitat for Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

vagina
urethra
prostate

62
Q

What is the disease/pathology caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

pruritis

discharge

63
Q

What is the diagnostic method for Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

vaginal fluid or urethral for trophozoites

64
Q

What is the drug of choice for Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

metronidazole

Block 6 Week 5 (11 decks)

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