Parasitology Table: Protozoan Parasites Flashcards
What do the following cause?
What is their common name?
Plasmodium falciparum
P. vivax
P. malariae
P. ovale
malaria;
falciparum: malignant tertian malaria
vivax and ovale: benign tertian malaria (every other day)
malariae: quarten malaria (every three days)
What is the infective form of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale?
sporozite
What is the transmission method of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale? What is the non-human host?
mosquito bite; mosquito
What is the habitat in the human of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale? What is the non-human host?
liver/blood RBCs
What disease/pathology does Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale cause?
fever anemia cerebral malaria hepatosplenomegaly nephrosis
What is the diagnostic method for Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale?
thick and thin blood films
What drugs can be used for plasmodium?
chloroquine
primaquine
What is the common name for Trypanosoma gambiense/T. rhodesiense?
West African Sleeping Sickness/East African Sleeping Sickness
What is the infective form for humans of Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?
metacyclic trypomastigote (trypomastigote in blood and CNS)
What is the transmission method of Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense? What is the non-human host?
tsetse fly bite; reservoirs
What is the habitat in humans for Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?
blood/brain
What is the disease/pathology caused by Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?
fever anemia lymphadenopathy (Winterbottom's sign) CNS somnolence, coma, death
How do you diagnose Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?
blood film
What drugs are used for Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense?
suramin (pre-CNS disease)
melarsoprol (post-CNS disease)
What is the common name for Trypanosoma cruzi?
Chagas’ disease
What is the infective form for humans of Trypanosoma cruzi?
metacyclic trypomastigote
What is the transmission method of Trypanosoma cruzi? What is the non-human host?
Reduviid bug bite; reservoirs
What is the habitat in humans for Trypanosoma cruzi?
blood, heart, nerves
What is the disease/pathology caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?
chagoma at bite site followed by unilateral periorbital edema (Romana's sign) fever lymphadenopathy myocarditis encephalitis megaesophagous/colon
How do you diagnose Trypanosoma cruzi?
blood film
xenodiagnosis
What drug is used for Trypanosoma cruzi?
benznidazole
What is the common name for the following?
Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis
Kala Azar
chicle ulcer
espundia
What is the infective form for humans for the following?
Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis
promastigote (amastigotes within cells)
What is the transmission method for the following? What is the non-human host?
Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis
sand fly bite
(Phlebotomus);
canine/rodent reservoirs
What is the habitat in humans for the following? Visceral: Leishmania donovani L. mexicana L. braziliensis
Cutaneous/Mucocutaneous:
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
reticuloendothelial system
skin
skin/nasopharynx
What is the disease/pathology caused by
Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis
fever anemia hepatosplenomegaly cratiform ulcer **cutaneous nasopharyngeal soft tissue erosion **mucocutaneous
What is the diagnostic method for
Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis
bone marrow aspirate
serology needle aspiration
What drugs are used for
Leishmania donovani
L. mexicana
L. braziliensis
miltefosine
Na stibogluconate
What is the common name for Toxoplasma gondii?
toxoplasmosis
What is the infective form for humans of Toxoplasma gondii?
oocyst (in cat feces)
pseudocyst (uncooked meat)
tachyzoite (prevent phagosome/lysosome fusion in host macrophages)
What is the transmission method of Toxoplasma gondii? What is the non-human host?
fecal-oral
meat
congenital;
felines/mammals
What is the habitat for T. gondii in humans?
brain
muscle
heart
lymph nodes
What is the disease/pathology caused by T. gondii?
lymphadenopathy
chorioretinitis (chronic infection)
encephalitis in AIDS patients
What is the diagnostic method for T. gondii?
lymph node biopsy
serology
What drug is used for T. gondii?
pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine
What should you be concerned about w pregnancy and T. gondii?
if a mother is first infected during her first trimester of pregnancy - can cause chorioretinitis later in life
What is the common name for Entamoeba histolytica?
amebiasis
amebic dysentery
What is the infective form for humans of Entamoeba histolytica?
cyst –> becomes a trophozoite in the small intestine –> attaches to mucosa –> reverts to cyst and is passed in the feces
What is the transmission method of Entamoeba histolytica? What is the non-human host?
fecal-oral; none
What is the habitat in humans for Entamoeba histolytica?
colon
liver
What is the disease/pathology caused by entamoeba histolytica?
diarrhea
dysentery
liver abscess
What is the diagnostic method for entamoeba histolytica?
stool exam
radiology
What is the drug of choice for entamoeba histolytica?
iodoquinol (for intestinal disease)
tinidazole (for extraintestinal disease)
What is the common name for Giardia lamblia?
giardiasis
What is the infective form of Giardia for humans?
cyst –> become trophozoites in small intestine –> attaches to mucosal epithelium via sucking disks
What is the transmission method of Giardia? What is the non-human host?
fecal-oral
beaver, dog
What is the habitat in humans for Giardia?
small intestine
What is the disease/pathology caused by Giardia?
diarrhea
steatorrhea
farting
GI discomfort
What is the diagnostic method for Giardia?
stool exam for cysts
string test
What medication is used for Giardia?
metronidazole
What is the common name for Cryptosporidium parvum?
cryptosporidiosis
What is the infective form of Cryptosporidium parvum?
sporulated oocyst
What is the transmission method of Cryptosporidium parvum? What is the non-human host?
fecal-oral; none
What is the habitat for Cryptosporidium parvum in humans?
small intestine
What is the disease/pathology caused by Cryptosporidium parvum?
abdominal discomfort
diarrhea
dysentery
- *daily fluid loss up to 17L
- *case fatality up to 50% in AIDS
What is the diagnostic method for Cryptosporidium parvum?
stool exam for oocysts
What is the drug of choice for Cryptosporidium parvum?
nitazoxanide
What is the common name for Trichomonas vaginalis?
trichomoniasis
What is the infective for for humans of Trichomonas vaginalis?
trophozoite
What is the transmission method of Trichomonas vaginalis? What is the non-human host?
venereal; none
What is the habitat for Trichomonas vaginalis?
vagina
urethra
prostate
What is the disease/pathology caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?
pruritis
discharge
What is the diagnostic method for Trichomonas vaginalis?
vaginal fluid or urethral for trophozoites
What is the drug of choice for Trichomonas vaginalis?
metronidazole
