"Fun" facts Flashcards
Where is Botulinum toxin commonly found?
canned foods, honey
Sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
gram positive, coagulase NEGATIVE bacteria that causes UTIs in sexually active females
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
gram positive, coagulase NEGATIVE bacteria that is associated with infection following indwelling medical devices (i.e. catheter, IV line)
Staphylococcus epidermidis
What toxin mediated reaction can be caused by Staph aureus?
Toxic shock syndrome
**also caused by Strep pyogenes
What are two ALPHA-hemolytic streptococci? What are two BETA-hemolytic streptococci?
Alpha: pneumoniae and viridans
Beta: agalactiae and pyogenes
Most common cause of meningitis in newborns
Streptococcus agalactiae
Very common cause of UTI
Enterococcus faecalis
Fried rice food poisoning
Bacillus cereus
Spores from goat milk
Bacillus anthracis
**easy on the goat cheese
Anaerobic spore formers
Clostridium
Only gram + bacteria with endotoxin
Listeria monocytogenes
acid fast gram positive staining
Nocardia
Mycobacteria
Chinese letter appearance
black colonies on potassium tellurite
Cornyebacterium diphtheriae
Chocolate agar
Influenza
X and V factors required
Influenza
Growth on charcoal yeast agar w iron and cysteine
Legionella pneumophilia
Requires cysteine for growth
Franciscella tularensis
Stool cultures are metallic green
E. Coli
Currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella
Cat and dog bites
Pasteurella multocida
Tick bite on a rabbit farm
Francisella tularensis
MOPS Meningitis Otitis Media Pneumonia Sinusitis
Influenza type B
Urea breath test
Helicobacter pylori
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
Campylobacter jejuni
Unpasteurized milk
Campylobacter jejuni
Fleas
Yersinia pestis
Blue-green colonies with a fruity odor
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ribosylates Gs, keeps AC active, and increases cAMP
Vibrio cholerae
Alkaline (basic) urine, stones
Proteus mirabilis
bloody diarrhea, non-motile
Shigella
Cat scratch
Bartonella henselae
Goat cheese
Brucella
Lives inside of macrophages
Atypical pneumonia
Legionella pneumophila
Strict gram negative anaerobe
Bacteroides fragilis
Motile gram - rod causing gastroenteritis
Salmonella
Parrot keeper
Atypical pneumonia
Chlamydia psittaci
Strong immune response, few bacteria
Tuberculoid leprosy
Weak immune response, many bacteria
Lepromatous leprosy
Dark field microscopy
Treponema pallidum (syphilis)
Weil’s disease
Leptospira interrogans
Extracellular elementary bodies, intracellular reticular bodies
Chlamydia pneumoniae
No cell wall, no cholesterol in membranes
Mycoplasma
Relapsing fever, body louse
Borrelia recurrentis
3 spirochetes
Borrelia (burgdorfi, recurrentis)
Leptospira interrogans
T. pallidum
Erythema migrams, ticks
Borrelia burgdorferi
Weil-Felix test
Rickettsia rickettsii
Two obligate intracellular parasites
Rickettsia
Chlamydia
Given w Cilastatin to slow renal degradation
Carbapenems
Given orally for C. diff
Vancomycin
Used topically for gram negative bacteria
polymyxin
Used for anaerobes and some protozoan parasites
metronidazole
Primary drug for TB, leprosy (mycobacteria)
Rifampin
Used for spirochetes, rickettsiae, chlamydia
tetracycline
Lincosamide that can cause C. diff
clindamycin
Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids, used for TB
isoniazid
Viral meningitis
enteroviruses
Hep A and Hep E are acquired this way;
no hepatitis, liver damage
fecal-oral
blueberry muffin rash
Rubella
breakbone fever - joint and muscle pain, also pain behind the eyes
Dengue fever
crows
West Nile virus
Hep A is a + strand non-enveloped picornavirus; Hep C is a + strand enveloped flavivirus; Hep B and D are DNA viruses; Hep E is a calicivirus (+ strand non-enveloped)
Ok
SARS
coronavirus
Negri bodies
Rhabdovirus
Filovirus
ebola
Koplick spots, maculopapular rash
measles
croup, barking cough
parainfluenza virus
pneumonia + bronchiolitis in infants
RSV
Deer mice
Hantavirus
ticks, bleeding from GI, nose, uterus, respiratory tract
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever
domestic livestock
Rift valley fever virus
Hamsters
lymphocytic choriomeningitis
Nigeria
Lassa fever virus
double stranded RNA virus
Reovirus (Rotavirus)
Caribbean, weakened/stiff legs, Increased Ca++
HTLV
Why is rubella an unusual togavirus?
not transmitted by a creature, but via respiratory droplets
Used for treatment or prophylaxis of Influenza A2
amantadine
Neuraminidase inhibitors for Influenza A and B
zanamivir
oseltamivir
Flavivirus that causes neurological abnormalities
St. Louis encephalitis
CNS probs, horses
EEE, WEE, ZEE
33 degrees C
Rhinovirus
Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Coxsackie A
Non-bloody diarrhea
Rotavirus
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Starts with vision probs
JC virus
Slapped cheek syndrome
parvovirus B19
What genes does HPV transform? What does this block?
E6 and E7; blocks tumor suppressors p53 and pRb
Protects against HPV 6, 11, 16, 18
gardasil
conjunctivitis
adenoviruses
Acyclovir
Herpes
Temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1 in adults; HSV-2 in infants
Owl’s eye intranuclear inclusion bodies, giant cells
CMV
Ganciclovir
CMV (not acyclovir bc no viral thymidine kinase)
thymidine kinase
acyclovir
heterophile antibody
EBV
Treat with interferon alpha
Hep B
Voriconazole
Aspergillosis
lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase
azoles
Inhibit squalene epoxidase
allylamines
allylamines
dermatophyte infection
Used with AmpB for cryptococcal meningitis
Flucytosine
Flucytosine
inhibits DNA/RNA synth
inhibits Beta-glucan synthesis
echinocandins
polyenes
nystatin
amphotericin B
nephrotoxicity
AmpB
spongiform encephalopathy
prions
diethylcarbazamine
Wuchereria bancrofti
Tonic paralysis of musculature
Activates Glutamate coupled Cl- channels
Ivermectin
Swollen scrotum
Wuchereria bancrofti
skin nodules, blindness
Onchocerca volvulus
string test, larva in stool
strongyloides stercoralis
eosinophilia
strongyloides trichinella spiralis ancyclostoma duodenale ascaris lumbricoides schistosoma taenia solium
encysted larva, striated muscle
Trichinella spiralis
How do you get strongyloides?
step on poop
black fly
Onchocerca volvulus
penetrate the feets
strongyloides
hookworms
itchy itchy from cat and dog hookworms
cutaneous larva migrans
iron supplement
hookworms
itchy butt
pinworms (enterobius vermicularis)
blebbed egg
flattened egg with spikes!
schistosoma
Big old worm in the stool (Dr. Hunter had this)
Ascaris lumbricoides
cyst in brain, dog owner
echinococcus granulosus
praziquantel
schistosoma
taenia solium larva
proglottids in stool
taenia saginata/solium
cercarea, snails, water
schistosoma
larva swimming in the vitreous humor of the eyeball
cysticercosis
taenia solium larva
can exist as trophozoites and cysts
protozoa
P. vivax/ovale dormant liver infections
primaquine (extraerythrocytic)
Schizont
malaria inside RBCs
tsetse fly
Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense
suramin
trypanosomes
interferes with lots of enzymes (esp for energy)
nifurtimox
oxidative damage to DNA
Chagas disease
sand fly
Leishmaniasis
only flagellate protozoa with no cyst form
trichomonas vaginalis
WATERY diarrhea caused by protozoa
cryptosporidium parvum
Winterbottom’s sign
Trypanosoma gambiense/rhodesiense
na stibogluconate
leishmaniasis
FATTY foul-smelling diarrhea caused by protozoa
giardia
BLOODY diarrhea caused by protoza
entamoeba histolytica
sporulated oocyst
cryptosporidium parvum
blocks fumarate reductase (enzyme specific to helminths)
thiabendazole
Ca+ influx causes muscle contraction
praziquantel
for chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum?
pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine
lung and liver fluke infections
bithionol
inhibits PABA to DHF
sulfadoxine
can cause hemolytic anemia
chloroquine
primaquine
inhibits DHF to THF
pyrimethamine
binds to DNA, damages mitochondria, inhibits protein synthesis
Primaquine
microsporum, trichophyton, epidermophyton
dermatophytes (tinea)
spherules in lungs, SW US
Coccidioides immitis
bat droppings
Histoplasma capsulatum
cysts with dark oval bodies
Pneumocystis jerovecii
tuberculate macroconidia
histoplasma capsulatum
India ink stain, encapsulated yeast
cryptococcus neoformans
pigeon droppings
cryptococcus neoformans
pentamidine
pneumocystis pneumonia
coencytic hyphae, sporangium with sporangiospores
mucormycoses
branching septate hyphae, condia with spherical conidial heads
aspergillus
hyphae + pseudohyphae
candida
candicidin
vaginal candidiasis
