Parasitology - Nematodes Flashcards
1
Q
most common intestinal nematode of man in PH
A
Ascaris lumbricoides
2
Q
human whipworm
A
Trichuris trichiura
3
Q
close relative of T. trichiura
A
Capillaria philippinensis
4
Q
Pudoc worm
A
Capillaria philippinensis
5
Q
most common nematode of man in US
A
Enterobius vermicularis
6
Q
a parasitic worm discovered by nelia salazar
A
Capillaria philippinensis
7
Q
Where did Nelia Salazar discovered Capillaria philippinensis?
A
pudoc, ilocos sur
8
Q
common names of Enterobius vermicularis
A
(Oh PSST!)
Oxyuris vermicularis
pinworm
society worm
seatworm
tiwa (ph)
9
Q
giant intestinal roundworm
A
Ascaris lumbricoides
10
Q
eelworm
A
Ascaris lumbricoides
11
Q
larval stage 1 & 2 (L1 & L2)
A
rhabditidorm
12
Q
larval stage 3 (L3)
A
filariform
13
Q
shapes of Trichuris trichiura
A
(mag-Football sa JBL)
Football
Japanese Lantern
Barrel
Lemon
14
Q
these are called roundworms due to the appearance of adult
A
nematodes
15
Q
3 life cycle of nematodes
A
egg
larva
adult
16
Q
what is the general characteristic of an adult male nematode?
A
smaller, curved posterior with spicule
17
Q
what is the general characteristic of an adult female nematode?
A
larger, pointed posterior, no spicule
18
Q
the only nematode that is parthenogenic
A
Strongyloides stercoralis
19
Q
what is parthenogenic?
A
adult female that can reproduce by themselves
20
Q
these are elongated, cylindrical, unsegmented, dioecious
A
nematodes
21
Q
lay immature ova
A
oviparous
22
Q
lay mature ova
A
oviviparous or ovoviviparous
23
Q
lays larva
A
viviparous / larviparous
24
Q
what are 3 types of hosts?
A
intermediate host
definitive or final host
natural host
25
harbors larval or asexual stage
IH
26
harbors adult or sexual stage
DH or FH
27
final host in the environment
natural host
28
stage of when the parasites are capable of infecting host
infective stage
29
stage that aids in identification of the parasite
diagnostic stage
30
final host of Ascaris lumbricoides
man
31
intestinal nematodes
• Ascaris lumbricoides
• Trichuris trichiura
• Capillaria philippinensis
• Enterobius vermicularis
• Necator americanus
• Ancylostoma duodenale
• Strongyloides stercoralis
32
extra-intestinal nematodes
• Filarial worms (6)
• Brugia timori
• Trichinella spiralis
• Dracunculus medinensis
• Angiostrongylus cantonensis
• *Dirofilaria immitis
• *Anisakis spp.
33
enumerate small intestine nematodes
(CASH)
• C. philippinensis
• A. lumbricoides
• S. stercoralis
• Hookworms
34
enumerate large intestine nematodes
• E. vermicularis
• T. trichiura
35
enumerates nematodes capable of lung migration
(ASH)
* A. lumbricoides
* S. stercoralis
* Hookworms
36
the classic “UNHOLY TRINITY” common in children
• Hookworms
• A. lumbricoides
• T. trichiura
37
habitat of A. lumbricoides
small intestine
38
dx stage of A. lumbricoides?
ova, adult
39
infective stage of A. lumbricoides?
embryonated ova
40
MOT of A. lumbricoides?
ingestion of infective stage (embryonated ova)
41
true or false?
A. lumbricoides is capable of migration.
true
larvae penetrate the intestinal mucosa, migrate via the portal vessels and lymphatic system into the liver from where they are carried through the heart into the lungs. Subsequently, they penetrate the capillary walls and enter into the lung alveoli.
42
what is the causative agent of ascariasis?
A. lumbricoides
43
# morph adult - A. lumbricoides
length (cm) of male and female
F: 22-35 cm
M: up to 30 cm
44
# morph adult - A. lumbricoides
color?
creamy white, pink tint
45
posterior tail of adult female A. lumbricoides?
pointed
46
posterior tale of adult male A. lumbricoides?
curved
47
what is the appearance of the anterior head of an adult male and female?
trilobate (consisting of 3 lips)
48
# WHat is the pathology of A. lumbricoides:
due to adult
1. Ascaris pneumonitis (Loeffler's pneumonia)
2. Visceral Larva Migrans
49
Loeffler's pneumonia indication?
1. increased eosinophils
2. presence of charcot-leyden crystals
50
another term for ascaris pneumonitis?
Loeffler's pneumonia
51
an animal ascaris
visceral larva migrans
52
visceral larva migrans causative agents?
* toxocara canis - dog
* toxocara cati - cat
* ascaris suum - pig
53
what are the three layers of an ascaris egg?
1. outermost mamillation - albuminoid layer
2. middle glycogen layer
3. inner vitelline / lipoidal / lecithin layer
54
layers of an immature ascaris ova?
no inner vitelline layer
with lecithin granules
55
layers of a mature corticated ascaris egg?
all layers are present
56
layers of a decorticated mature ascaris egg?
no outermost mammillation layer
57
final host of human whipworm?
MAN
58
habitat of Trichuris trichiura?
large intestine
59
what aids in identification of Trichuris trichiura?
ova (easily recognizable)
60
what is the infective stage of human whipworm
fully embryonated egg
61
MOT of Trichuris trichiura
ingestion of fully embryonated egg
62
a nematode that can cause microcytic, hypochromic iron deficiency anemia
whipworm
T. trichiura
(trichuriasis)
63
what symptoms accompanies Trichuris trichiura?
* bloody diarrhea
* epigastric pain
* iron deficiency anemia
* rectal prolapse
* hypoalbuminea
64
# true or false
Trichuris trichiura anterior 3/5 is attenuated
true
| Trichuris trichiura anterior 3/5 attenuated
65
how does Trichuris trichiura attaches to the mucosa of large intestine?
it attaches to the mucose of large intestine thru PIN-FASHION ATTACHMENT
66
appaeance of fleshy posterior portion of Trichuris trichiura adult male and female
F: pointed
M: curved
67
morphology of T. trichiura ova
large, mucoid prominent BIPOLAR PLUGS
yellowish brown color
68
morphologically similar with T. trichiura
Capillaria philippinensis
69
final host of pudoc worm
man
other vertebrae
70
natural hosts of Capillaria philippinensis
migratory birds (herons, egrets, bitterns)
71
enumerate the intermediate hosts of Capillaria philippinensis
Freshwater fishes / Brackish water
fishes / Glass fishes
* Bagtu,
* bagsang,
* birot,
* ipon (hypselotris
bipartita)
72
habitat of Capillaria philippinensis?
small intestine
73
dx stage of the parasite discovered by Nelia Salazar
larva or ova found in stool
74
infective stage of pudoc worm
larva found in fishes
75
MOT of capillaria philippinensis
ingestion of raw or uncooked fish with larva
76
also known as the mystery disease
pudoc disease
77
causative agent of mystery disease
Capillaria philippinensis
78
What do you call the disease caused by Capillaria philippinensis?
Capillariasis
Mystery disease or Pudoc disease
79
what are the symptoms of Capillariasis / Mystery dissease?
* Borborygmus (rumbling tummy)
* Severe diarrhea
* Abdominal pain
80
these are delicate tiny worms
Capillaria philippinensis - adult
81
morphology of Capillaria philippinensis - Adult
female - usually with eggs in utero
male - with chitinized spicule
82
what is the purpose of spicules in an adult male nematode?
for reproduction
83
what is the morphology of pudoc worm ova?
small, striated shell, FLATTENED MUCOID BIPOLAR PLUGS
84
pudoc worm is morphologically similar with?
human whipworm
85
TIWA of PH
Enterobius vermicularis
86
final host of pinworm
man
87
habitat of seatworm
large intestine
88
# true or false
the society worm has the same dx and infective stage
true
| dx and inf stage of society worm = OVA
89
MOT of Enterobius vermicularis
1. ingestion
2. inhalation
3. retroinfection
4. autoinfection
90
what are nocturnal parasites?
nocturnal parasites lay eggs at night
ex. adult female of society worm
91
# true or false
the adult female of Enterobius vermicularis are noctural parasites which means the lay eggs at night
true
| this action causes pruritus ani / perianal itching
92
newly hatched larva migrates back into the hosts
retroinfection
93
hand-to-mouth transmission
autoinfection
94
self-infection
autoinfection
95
what is pruritus ani?
a perianal itching caused by nocturnal parasites
96
causative agent of enterobiasis?
Enterobius vermicularis
97
what are the symptoms accompanied by Enterobiasis?
1. nocturnal pruritus ani
2. loss of appetite
3. extra-intestinal enterobiasis
98
nocturnal pruritus ani
insomia irritation
99
extra-intestinal enterobiasis - migrates where?
vagina, uterus, fallopian tube
100
morphology of female and male adult pinworm?
Female: gravid uterus filled w/ eggs, pointed posterior end
Male: flask-shaped / bulb-like esophagus, curved posterior end
both with cephalic alae (lateral wing)
101
morphology of Enterobius vermicularis ova
* oval-shaped, flattened on one side
* double-layered shell
102
a parasite with lopsided ovum, ''D'' shaped ovum
Enterobius vermicularis
* seatworm
* pinworm
* oxyuris vermicularis
* society worm
* TIWA (PH)
103
time of collection of cellulose tape scotch-tape method
night or early morning
104
what is the lab dx of enterobiasis?
cellulose tape / scotch tape method
105
“cellophane-covered thick smear”
kato-katz
106
what are three reasons if no ova detected?
no infection, early infection, all male infection
107
general principle: specific gravity and centrifugation
concentration techniques
108
Recommended method for egg
counting procedure (WHO)
kato-katz
109
what is needed in direct fecal smear?
2 mg stool + 1 drop 0.85% NaCl (NSS)
110
routine method of stool examination - qualitative technique (no counting)
direct fecal smear
111
what are the stains used for direct fecal smear?
Lugol’s iodine – cannot recover
trophozoites (amoeba-sensitive)
Nair’s Buffered Methylene Blue
(BMB)
112
a stain of direct fecal smear that cannot recover trophozoites and are ameoba-sensitive
lugol's iodine
113
A stool examination in which it is useful for specific species identification and it uses LPO and HPO
direct fecal smear
114
It uses 50-60mg stool covered with cellophane
kato-thick
115
how is the solution preparared in kato-thick when doing stool exam?
cellophane is soaked in a mixture of glycerin and malachite green solution
116
what are the materials used for kato-thick exam?
1. glycerin
2. malachite green
3. use green cellophane soak in glycerin as substitute for malachite green
117
also known as "cellophane-covered thick smear"
kato-katz
118
the only quantitative method discussed under stool examination
kato-katz
119
kato-katz uses the same materials as kato-thick but with additionals. what are these additional materials used in cellophane-covered thick smear?
1. template
2. wire mesh
120
what are the two concentration techniques?
1. sedimentation technique
2. floatation technique
121
# true or false
In sedimentation technique, the specific gravity of the parasite is higher than the reagent, hence parasite tends to float.
false
## Footnote
SG of parasite is HIGHER than the reagent used hence,
parasite sink
122
What is the method of choice if
spx is from animal source, recommended for recovery of:
1. T. trichiura ova
2. C. philippinensis ova
3. Schistosoma ova
Acid Ether Concentration Technique
123
What are the two mentioned sedimentation technique?
1. formalin-ether concentration technique
2. acid ether concentration technique
124
# true or false
In floatation technique, the specific gravity of the parasite is lower than the reagent, hence parasite tends to sink.
false
## Footnote
SG of parasite is LOWER than the reagent used hence, parasite float
125
What are the three different floatation technique mentioned?
1. zinc sulfate concentration technique
2. sheather's floatation
3. brine's floatation
126
what is the reagent used in zinc sulfate conc tech?
33% ZnSO4
127
SG for fresh stool
1.18
128
SG for fixed stool
1.20
129
not suitable for operculated ova (trematodes); uses 33% ZnSO4 as its reagent
zinc sulfate conc tech
130
flotation technique recommended for oocysts
sheather's floatation
131
a floatation technique which does not require centrifugation and uses salt solution
brine's floatation
132
# true or false
In brine's solution, helminths float as you continuously add salt.
false
## Footnote
brine's floatation requires NO centrifugation as helminth ova floats as you continuously add salt
133
Enumerate the parasites that are not suitable for brine's floatation.
1. Operculated ova (trematodes)-doesn’t float as it enters operculum
2. Hookworm, Schistosoma ova –tend to shrink in brine’s solution
134
2nd most common helminth to infect man
hookworms
135
the term hookworm is collectively used for these 2 parasites
1. Necator americanus - new world HW
2. Ancylostoma duodenale - old world HW
136
An emerging HW specie that can also be found in man
Ancylostoma ceylanicum
137
2 mentioned animal HW
1. A. caninum – dog HW – 3 pairs of teeth
2. A. braziliense – cat HW – 2 pairs of teeth (small medial teeth)
138
a dog HW
| how many pairs of teeth?
A caninum
| 3 pairs of teeth
139
cat HW
| how many pairs of teeth?
A. braziliense
| 2 pairs of teeth (2 medial small teeth)
140
also known as american murderer
new world HW
141
the final host of Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale, and Strongyloides stercoralis.
MAN
142
habitat of hookworms
small intestine
143
MOT of hookworms
skin penetration of infective larva
144
dx stage of hookworm
rhabtidiform larva or ova
| L1 & L2
145
infective stage of hookworms and Strongyloides stercoralis
3rd stage filariform larva
146
# Pathology of hookworms
due to larva
1. allergic reaction (dermatitis)
2. pneumonitis
3. cuteneous larva migrans
147
# pathology of hookworms due to larva:
ground itch, dew itch, colic itch water sore, mazza mora
allergic reaction (dermatitis)
148
# pathology of hookworms due to larva:
wakana
pneumonitis
| a lung inflammation, resembles an immediate-hypersensitivity
## Footnote
causes difficulty in breathing often accompanied by cough
149
# pathology of hookworms due to larva:
creepy eruptions, accidental infection, caused by A.
caninum & A. braziliense
Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM)
150
# pathology of hookworms due to larva:
what is the causative agent of Cutaneous Larva Migrans (CLM)?
A. caninum & A. braziliense
151
# pathology of hookworms
due to ADULT
1. Epigastric discomfort
2. malnutrition
3. iron deficiency anemia
152
# N. americanus or A. duodenale
Shape: S-shaped
Buccal cavity: semilunar cutting plates
Copulatory bursa: Birpatite (2 digits Barbed/ bristle-like
N. americanus
153
# N. americanus or A. duodenale
Shape: C-shaped
Buccal cavity: 2 pairs teeth
Copulatory bursa: tripartite (3 digits) simple not barbed
A. duodenale
154
also known as threadworms
S. stercoralis
155
a facultative parasite, able to complete their life cycle w/ or w/o host
females are parthenogenic – asexual reproduction
males - uncommon
S. stercoralis
156
2 different habitat of S. stercoralis
Free-living State: soil (indirect/heterogenic form)
Parasitic State: small intestine (direct/homogenic)
157
MOT of S. stercoralis
1. skin penetration of infective larva
2. autoinfection
3. hyperinfection
158
# pathology of S. stercoralis
due to larva
1. Allergic rxn – at the site of penetration (Larva Currens)
2. Pneumonitis – presenting
Loeffler’s pneumonia (similar
to A. lumbricoides)
159
presenting Loeffler’s pneumonia (similar to A. lumbricoides)
pneumonitis due to larva caused by S. stercoralis
160
# pathology of S. stercoralis
due to ADULT
Conchin-china diarrhea
Vietnamese Diarrhea
161
* 1st reported among french soldiers returning to france w/ diarrhea from indo-china region
* Intermittent diarrhea (come & go diarrhea)
* Honeycomb appearance of intestinal mucosa
Conchin-china diarrhea
Vietnamese Diarrhea
162
does not absolutely rely on any host for completion of their life cycle (ex. S. stercoralis)
facultative parasites
163
cannot complete its life-cycle without exploiting a suitable host
obligate parasites
164
# true or false
hookworm ova morphology is:
* Ovoidal, thin shelled, and colorless
*you can’t differentiate, therefore report as “Hookworm Ova” and to speciate look for the larva
true
165
Chinese lantern appearance
S. stercoralis ova
166
Clear thin shell, indistinguishable with hookworm ova
S. stercoralis ova
167
its larva is tagged as SHORT and SEXY
Rhabditiform and filariform larva of S. stercoralis
168
S. stercoralis larva that has short buccal cavity and prominent genital primordium
L1 & L2
169
S. stercoralis larva that has notched tail, unsheathed
| it's also the infective stage
L3
170
# hookworm larva that is at:
feeding stage
L1 & L2
| open mouth
171
# hookworm larva that is at:
non-feeding stage
L3
| closed mouth
172
# hookworm larva:
1. short and stout
2. long buccal cavity
3. short/small genital primordium
L1 & L2
173
# hookworm larva:
1. long and slender
2. sheathed, pointed tail
3. infective stage
L3
174
roundworms that do not usually inhabit the
intestines
extraintestinal nematodes
175
group of nematodes, 6 known spp
filarial worms
176
filarial worms habitats
1. lymphatics
2. subcutaneous tissue
3. body cavity
177
filarial worms' final host
man
178
filarial worms' diagnostic stage
microfilaria
179
filarial worms' intermediate hosts
arthropod vectors
180
filarial worms' infective stage
IH: microfilaria
FH: filariform larva
181
MOT of filaral worms
Vector Borne – arthropods
182
essential for the growth of parasite
biologic vector
183
no parasite dev’t, only purpose is to transmit parasite from one organism to another
Phoretic / Mechanical Vector
184
truly pathogenic filarial worms
Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Loa
Loa, Onchocerca volvulus
185
enumerate 6 known spp of extraintesinal nematodes
| 6 filarial worms
1. Wuchereria bancrofti
2. Brugia malayi
3. Loa Loa
4. Onchocerca volvulus
5. Mansonella perstans
6. Mansonella ozzardi
186
non-pathogenic extraintestinal nematodes
Mansonella perstans
Mansonella ozzardi
187
extraintestinal nematodes habitat: lympahatic
Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi
188
Malayan FW
Brugia malayi
189
Bancroft’s FW
Wuchereria bancrofti
190
Most prevalent extraintestinal specie
Wuchereria bancrofti
191
Most commonly identified
sp of FW that infects man
Most common sp. in PH
Wuchereria bancrofti
192
most common specie of extraintestinal nematode in PH
Wuchereria bancrofti
193
vectors: Aedes, Anopheles, Culex
Wuchereria bancrofti
194
vectors: mansonia, anopheles
Brugia malayi
195
filarial worms that has sheathed microfilaria
* Wuchereria bancrofti
* Brugia malayi
* Loa Loa
196
# microfilaria:
sheathed
absent nuclei in tail
Wuchereria bancrofti
197
# microfilaria:
sheathed
2 separate nuclei in tail
Brugia malayi
198
# microfilaria:
sheathed
continuous nuclei up to the tail
Loa Loa
199
spx for filarial worms with sheathed microfilaria
blood
200
brugia malayi periodicity
subperiodic nocturnal
201
wuchereria bancrofti periodicity
nocturnal
202
loa loa periodicity
diurnal
203
LOWER elephantiasis
Bancroftian filariasis
204
UPPER elephantiasis
Malayan filariasis
205
2nd leading cause of permanent /long term disability (PH)
| 1st is psychiatric illness
lymphatic filariasis
206
enlargement / hardening of limbs due to tx swelling
Elephantiasis
207
# pathology w. bancrofti & b. malayi
due to microfilaria
Tropic Pulmonary Eosinophilia
* Asthmatic attack
* Inc. eos count
* High IgE Ab lvl
208
# due to microfilaria
* Asthmatic attack
* Inc. eos count
* High IgE Ab lvl
Tropic Pulmonary
Eosinophilia
209
# pathology w. bancrofti & b. malayi
due to adult
* Elephantiasis
* Genito-urinary lesion - chronic, hydrocele
210
common name: timorian filariasis
brugia timori
211
vector of b. timori
Mosquito (anopheles sp)
212
emerging specie of brugia
brugia timori
213
# true or false
the microfilaria of b. timori is the same with b. malayi but LARGER
true
214
Occurs in Indonesian archipelago (timor and flores islands)
b. timori
215
“worm-worm”
Eye worm
Loa Loa
216
Vectors:
Fly (Chrysops spp.)
◦ Tabanid fly
◦ Mango fly
◦ Deer fly
Loa Loa
217
These filarial worms inhabits the subcutaneus tissues
Loa Loa
Onchocerca volvulus
218
* Convoluted worm
* Blinding worm
* River Blindness
* Gale filarienne
Onchocerca
volvulus
219
vector: black fly (simulium spp.)
Onchocerca
volvulus
220
Calabar swelling or fugitive swelling
Swelling of subcutaneous tx
Loa Loa
221
2nd most common cause of preventive blindness (1st is trachoma caused by T. trachomatis)
**River blindness** – black fly lives near river – causes ocular lesions
Leading cause of blindness in endemic areas
Onchocerca
volvulus
222
2nd most common cause of preventive blindness
| (1st is trachoma caused by T. trachomatis)
Onchocerca volvulus
223
spx of Onchocerca volvulus
skin snips
224
Leading cause of
blindness in endemic
areas
| causes river blindness - ocular lesions
Onchocera volvulus
225
* Perstans filarial
* Dipetalonema perstans (old name)
Mansonella perstans
226
new world filaria
Mansonella ozzardi
227
extra-intestinal nematodes that inhabits body cavities
Mansonella perstans
Mansonella ozzardi
228
vector: Biting Midges or Gnats (Culicoides spp.)
Mansonella perstans
Mansonella ozzardi
229
unsheathed microfilaria
Onchocerca volvulus
Mansonella perstans
Mansonella ozzardi
230
unsheathed, no nuclei in tail
Onchocerca volvulus
Mansonella ozzardi
231
unsheathed, nuclei up to the tip
Mansonella perstans
232
# True or False
Out of 6 filarial worms, Onchocerca volvulus is the only one the differs in terms of spx for dx
True
| Onchocerca volvulus - skin snips
*the rest spx = BLOOD
233
for demonstration of live microfilaria
wet smears
234
commonly done, method of choice as it can demonstrate structures of microfilaria
Giemsa-stained blood smears
235
an anti-parasitic drug w/c stimulates microfilaria to come out to the peripheral circulation, given before blood collection (3mg/kg BW)
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC)
| Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) provocative test
236
antigen detection technique
| detecting CFA - Circulating Filarial Antigen
Immunochromatography
237
2 conc techniques of extraintestinal nematodes lab dx
Membrane Filtration
Knott’s Technique
238
swinney filter, everything are not filtered except for MICROFILARIAE
Membrane Filtration
239
Knott’s Technique reagent
| give also reagent purpose
2% formalin
| purpose – HEMOLYSIS, to easily visualize microfilariae
240
Performed to recover microfilariae from sample
| reagent: 2% formalin
Knott’s Technique
241
dog heartworm
Dirofilaria immitis
242
NH: DOGS
IH: Mosquitoes
MOT: Vector-borne
Infective Stage: FILARIFORM larva
Dirofilaria immitis
| dog heartworm
243
# habitat:
Circulatory system of dogs (when MAN is infected this parasite also resides in pulmonary tract or LUNGS)
Dirofilaria immitis
| dog heartworm
244
Produce solitary, peripheral
nodules in the lesions (coin
lungs)
dog heartworm
| Dirofilaria immitis
245
Herring’s worm
Common in Japan
Anisakis spp.
246
Natural hosts: Whales, dolphins, MAN (definitive hosts)
Anisakis spp.
247
Three intermediate hosts:
1. Copepods
2. Small fishes
3. Larger fishes
(salmon)
Anisakis spp.
248
Habitat of Anisakis spp
inside the GUT
249
Ingestion of raw fish with infective larva (common in japan = sashimi)
Anisakis
250
Abdominal pain and granuloma migrating larva in intestinal wal
| common in japan
Anisakis spp
251
Muscle worm
Trichina worm
Trichinella spiralis
252
IH & FH: pig, rant, man (dead-end host)
Trichinella spiralis
253
IH and FH of Trichinella spiralis
Pig, Rat, MAN (dead-end host)
254
Trichinella spiralis adult habitat
small intestine
255
Trichinella spiralis larva habitat
skeletal muscle
256
Inf. & Dx Stage of Trichinella spiralis
Encysted larva
257
Ingestion of Encysted Larva from intermediate host
◦ Improperly cooked meat
Trichinella spiralis
258
# Trichinella spiralis adult
w/ conical papilae
male
259
# Trichinella spiralis adult
w/ club-shaped uterus
female
260
# true or false
Trichinella spiralis are viviparous therefore NO OVA morph as it
won’t be recovered
true
261
Encysted Coiled larva in the nurse cells of striated muscles
Trichinella spiralis larva
262
only cells capable of supporting trichinella
Nurse cells
263
great imitator
TRICHINELLOSIS / TRICHINIASIS /
TRICHINOSIS
264
# TRICHINELLOSIS / TRICHINIASIS / TRICHINOSIS
Due to adult
Diarrhea
Abdominal Pain
| Nonspecific symptoms
General symptoms
265
# TRICHINELLOSIS / TRICHINIASIS / TRICHINOSIS
Due to LARVA
Eosinophilia
Muscle pain at site of encystation, edema
* Eyelid edema
266
# Muscle BIOPSY
Enumerate the 3 immunotests
1. Bentonite Flocculation Test
2. Intradermal Bachmann Test
3. Beck’s Xenodiagnosis
267
uses test animal (albino
rats) which are fed with infected muscle samples
Beck’s Xenodiagnosis
268
trichinella extract is injected intradermally, swelling of area means Ab presence
Intradermal Bachmann Test
269
serologic test to detect T. spiralis Ab in px serum
Bentonite Flocculation Test
270
* Guinea worm
* Dragon worm
* Medina worm
* Fiery serpent of Israelites
Dracunculus medinensis
271
FNAL HOST OF MEDINA WORM
MAN
272
intermediate host of dragon worm
crustaceans
* copepods
* cyclops
273
habitat of guinea worm
adult subcutaneous tissues
274
MOT of fiery serpent of isralites
ingestion of infected copepods
275
# Dracunculus medinensis
coiled anterior end
adult male
276
# Dracunculus medinensis
prominent rounded anterior end
adult female
277
Causes lesions in subcutaneous tx, dx not helpful, ONLY TX IS IMPORTANT- manual removal of worm from lesions
DRACUNCULIASIS OR GUINEA WORM DISEASE
278
The following are treatment for
1. Immersion of affected body partto water
2. Wound is cleaned
3. Worm extraction
4. Topical antibiotics
5. Aspirin / Ibuprofen prescription
guinea worm disease
| DRACUNCULIASIS
279
TX DRACUNCULIASIS
1. Immersion of affected body partto water
2. Wound is cleaned
3. Worm extraction
4. Topical antibiotics
5. Aspirin / Ibuprofen prescription
280
Rat lungworm
Angiostrongylus cantonensis (old name)
Parastrongylus cantonensis (new name)
281
new name rat lungworm
Parastrongylus cantonensis
282
old name rat lungworm
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
283
FH of rat lungworm
rats
284
Parastrongylus cantonensis intermediate hosts
Mollusks (SNAIL)
* Pila luzonica (KUHOL)
* Brotia asperata (SUSO)
285
Angiostrongylus cantonensis inhabits the _?
CNS
286
rat lungworm adult female appearance
| *dx stage is adult worm specifically adult female
“barber’s pole appearance”
287
dx stage of rat lungworm
Adult worm – specifically ADULT FEMALE as it have uterine tubules in spiral arrangements
“barber’s pole appearance”
288
infective stage of rat lungworm / Angiostrongylus cantonensis / Parastrongylus cantonensis
larva
289
MOT of rat lungworm
Ingestion of intermediate hosts with infective larva
290
causes Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis
| where larva migrates to the brain and spinal cord
Angiostrongylus cantonensis (old name) / Parastrongylus cantonensis (new name)
291
what infection will give greatest number of eosinophil count?
trichinella spiralis
292
# HOOKWORM AND STRONGYLOIDES
Recovery of NEMATODE LARVA
HARADA MORI STOOL CULTURE TECHNIQUE
293
HARADA MORI STOOL CULTURE TECHNIQUE L1 & L2 INCUBATION PERIOD
48-72 HRS
294
HARADA MORI STOOL CULTURE TECHNIQUE L3 INCUBATION PERIOD
UP TO 7 DAYS
295
MOST IMPORTANT PRECAUTION OF HARADA MORI STOOL CULTURE TECHNIQUE
ALWAYS WEAR PPE
!!!GLOVES!!!
296
LAB DX FOR S. STERCORALIS ONLY
Beale’s String test
297
# TRUE OR FALSE FOR BEALE'S STRING TEST
Duodenal aspiration technique, also useful for recovery the ff:
* S. s ova & larva
* G. lamblia trophozoite
* Cryptosporidium spp. (parvum) - oocyst
* Isospora / Cystoisospora belli (new name)
* Fasciola hepatica ova
* Clonorchis sinensis
TRUE
298
Useful for recovery of S. strongyloides ova and larva
BEALE'S STRING TEST
299
# TRUE OR FALSE
HOOKWORMS CAUSES IDA
TRUE
300
CAUSES MICROCYTIC, HYPOCHROMIC IDA
TRICHURIASIS
301
gives infected px coin lesions
D. immitis
302
ansaki spp. definitive host
man
303
ansaki spp natural hosts
whales
dolphins
304
dead-end host of trichinella spiralis. why?
man
mot: ingestion of encysted larva from intermediate host
dead-end host kasi wala namang kumakain ng tao unless cannibal yan sha
305
an immunotest which uses albino rats
beck’s xenodiagnosis
306
a nematodes causing bloody diarrhea
T. trichiura
307
intermittent diarrhea
due to adult S. stercoralis
conchin-china diarrhea or vietnamese diarrhea
(come and go diarrhea)
308
appearance of intestinal mucosa of a px suffering from vietnamese diarrhea
honey comb appearance
309
larva currens
allergic reaction at the site of penetration due to larva of S. stercoralis
310
a nematode presenting pathology similar with Ascaris pneumonitis
pneumonitis presenting loeffler’s pneumonia due to larva of S. stercoralis
