Parasitology III: Tissue Helminths Continued Flashcards
What is the distribution of Schistomsoma?
Africa, Middle East, South America
Who is at risk for getting Schistosoma?
Those swimming/bathing/washing in unclean waters
Symptoms of Schistosoma
Itchy maculopapular skin rash (swimmer’s itch)
Intermediate stage: Febrile illness
Chronic stage: Decreased blood flow to organs
Diagnosis of Schistosoma
Recovery of Schistosoma eggs in feces/urine
Peripheral eosinophilia
Treatment of Schistosoma
Antihistamines
Corticosteroids
Praziquantel to kill the worms
What is the distribution of Paragonimus westermani?
Southeast Asia, Japan, Americas, Africa
Who is at risk for Paragonimus infection?
People eating undercooked/raw crawfish and crabs
Symptoms of Paragonimus
Productive cough with rusty-colored/blood-tinged sputum
Diagnosis of Paragonimus
ID of Paragonimus eggs (thick and asymmetric)
Antibody tests for P. westermani antigens
Treatment for Paragonimus
Praziquantel
For cerebral disease: Corticosteroids given with praziquantel
Who is at risk for Chlonorchis infection?
People living in Asia who have consumed undercooked freshwater fish
Symptoms of Chlonorchis
Inflammation/obstruction of the bile duct
Can also infect the liver and the gallbladder
Diagnosis of Chlonorchis
ID eggs in the stool
Ultrasound/CT
Treatment for Chlonorchis
Praziquantel
Albendazole
Who is at risk for Echinococcus?
People who work with dog feces, sheep, or sheep-dogs
Symptoms of Echinococcus
Cysts in the liver or the lung
Diagnosis of Echinococcus
Presence of cysts
Treatment of Echinococcus
Surgery
Albendazole
“PAIR”…Percutaneous aspiration, injection of chemicals, re-aspiration
What does Brugia malayi cause?
Lymphatic filariasis
Who is at risk for Brugia malayi?
People living a long time in tropical/sub-tropical climates
Symptoms of Brugia
Lymphadema
Hardening/thickening of the skin: elephantitis
Diagnosis of Brugia malayi
ID of microfilariae in blood smear
Treatment of Brugia malayi
Diethyl-carbamazine
Ivermectin
Doxycycline
What does Onchocerca volvulus cause?
River blindness
Who is at risk for Onchocerca volvulus?
People who live around rivers in Africa, South and Central America where the Simulium blackfly is found
What fly causes Onchocerca volvulus?
Simulium blackflies
Symptoms of Onchocerca volvulus
Vision alterations
“Leopard skin”…thin skin/loss of elasticity
Diagnosis of Onchocerca
Skin snips. Larvae emerge when tissues are placed in saline
Treatment of Onchocerca
Ivermectin
Doxycycline
What is the distribution of Loa Loa?
Western and Central Africa
Symptoms of Loa Loa
“Calabar swellings”…6+ months post infection get swelling in the limbs and joints
Eye itching
What is the infectious stage of Schistosoma?
Cercariae in the water
What is the diagnostic stage of Schistosoma?
Eggs in feces and urine
Egg of S. hematombium
Terminal spike and found in the urine
Egg of S. mansoni
Lateral spike and found in the feces
Egg of S. japonicum
Found in the feces
Infectious stage of Paragonimus
Cercariae in crustacean
Diagnostic stage of Paragonimus
Unembryonated eggs in feces
What is the infectious stage in Echinococcus?
Egg in the feces
What is the diagnostic stage in Echinococcus?
Hydatid cyst
What is the infectious stage of Onchocerca volvulus?
Larvae
What is the diagnostic stage of Onchocerca volvulus?
Adult unsheathed microfilarie
What is the infectious stage of Loa Loa?
Larvae
What is the diagnostic stage of Loa Loa?
Sheathed microfilariae
