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Parasitology (Exam 1) Flashcards

1
Q

There are 3 types of parasites but we will only study the 2 that live inside the body. What are these 2 types?

A

1) protozoa
2) metazoa

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2
Q

What is the difference between protozoa and metazoa parasites?

A

protozoa are single celled organisms whereas metazoa are multicellular organisms

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3
Q

What are these?
1) sarcodina (amoeboids)
2) ciliophora (ciliated protozoans)
3) mastigophora (flagellated protozoans)
4) sporozoa (sporozoan)

A

the 4 groups of protozoa

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4
Q

Which protozoa group has pseudopod formation?

A

sarcodina (amoeboids)

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5
Q

What is the 1 sarcodina (amoeboids) organism we learned?

A

entamoeba histolytic

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6
Q

Where does entamoeba histolytic live in the body?

A

GI tract

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7
Q

Which protozoa group has cilia?

A

ciliophora (ciliated protozoans)

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8
Q

What is the 1 ciliophora (ciliated protozoan) we learned?

A

balantidium coli

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9
Q

Where does balantidium coli live in the body?

A

GI tract

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10
Q

Which protozoa has flagella?

A

mastigophora (flagellated protozoans)

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11
Q

What are these?
1) giarida lamblia
2) trichomonas vaginalis
3) trypanasoma gambiense, trypanasoma rhodesiense, and trypansoma cruzi
4) leishmania donovani, leishmania tropica, leishmania mexicana, and leishmania braziliensis

A

the 4 mastigophora (flagellated protozoans)

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12
Q

Where is giarida lamblia found in the body?

A

GI tract

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13
Q

Where is trichomonas vaginalis found in the body?

A

vagina and prostate

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14
Q

Where is trypanasoma gambiense, trypanasoma rhodesiense, and trypansoma cruzi found in the body?

A

blood

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15
Q

Where is leishmania donovani, leishmania tropica, leishmania mexicana, and leishmania braziliensis found in the body?

A

cutaneous tissue like skin

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16
Q

Which protozoa has no external organs of locomotion?

A

sporozoa (sporozoan)

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17
Q

Which protozoa makes spores?

A

sporozoa (sporozoan)

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18
Q

What are the 3 sporozoa (sporozoans) we learned in class?

A

1) plasmodium
2) toxoplasma gondii
3) cryptosporidium parvum

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19
Q

Which parasite is acarpomyxea (amoeba like)?

A

naegleria fowleri

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20
Q

What is the fancy word for flatworms?

A

platyhelminthes

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21
Q

What are the 2 classes of flatworms?

A

1) cestoda (tapeworms)
2) trematoda (flukes)

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22
Q

What are these?
-taenia saginata
-taenia solium
-echinococcosis granulosus
-hymenolepsis nana
-diphyllobothrium

A

cestoda (tapeworms)

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23
Q

What are these?
-schistosoma mansoni
-schistosoma japonicum
-schistosoma haemotobium
-fasciolopsis buski
-clonorchis sinesis
-fasciola hepatica
-paragonimus westermani

A

trematoda (flukes)

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24
Q

What trematoda/fluke is this?
-schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma japonicum

A

GI tract

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25
Q

What trematoda/fluke is this?
-schistosoma haemotobium

A

urinary tract

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26
Q

What trematoda/fluke is this?
-fasciolopsis buski

A

intestinal fluke

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27
Q

What trematoda/fluke is this?
-clonorchis sinesis and fasciola hepatica

A

liver fluke

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28
Q

What trematoda/fluke is this?
-paragonimus westermani

A

lung fluke

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29
Q

What is the fancy word for round worms?

A

nemahelminthes

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30
Q

What are these?
-ascaris lumbricoides
-enterobius vermicularis
-trichuris trichura
-trichinella spiralis
-strongyloides stercoralis
-necator americanus
-ancylostoma duodenale
-wucheria bancrofti
-onchocerca volvulus
-loa loa
-dracunculus medinesis

A

nematoda/nemahelminthes/ round worms

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31
Q

Where are these nematodes found?
-ascaris lumbricoides
-enterobius vermicularis
-trichuris trichura
-trichinella spiralis
-strongyloides stercoralis
-necator americanus
-ancylostoma duodenale

A

gi tract

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32
Q

Where are these nematodes found?
-wucheria bancrofti
-onchocerca volvulus
-loa loa
-dracunculus medinesis

A

lymphatic and cutaneous tissue

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33
Q

What diseases are caused by entamoeba histolytica?

A

amebiasis (amebic dysentery) and liver abscess

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34
Q

What is the route of transmission for entamoeba histolytica

A

ingestion of cysts in fecally contaminated food or water

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35
Q

What organism causes a flask like lesion?

A

entamoeba histolytica

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36
Q

What organism would cause an anchovy paste like pus from liver abscess?

A

entamoeba histolytica

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37
Q

What is the treatment for entamoeba histolytica?

A

metronidazole or tinidazole

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38
Q

What are the diseases caused by balantidum coli?

A

balantidiasis, ciliary, or balantidal dysentery

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39
Q

What is the largest protozoan that infects humans?

A

balantidum coli

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40
Q

What is the only ciliated protozoan that causes human disease?

A

balantidum coli

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41
Q

What is the main reservoir for balantidum coli?

A

pigs

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42
Q

What is the transmission route for balantidum coli?

A

fecal oral route

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43
Q

What disease is caused by giarida lambila?

A

giardiasis

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44
Q

What is the transmission route for giarida lambila?

A

fecal oral route

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45
Q

Who frequently gets infected by giarida lambila?

A

-hikers who drink untreated water
-children

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46
Q

What organism would have trophozoite that causes inflammation and weight loss due to malabsorption of fat, lactose, and vit A?

A

giarida lambila

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47
Q

What disease is caused by trichomonas vaginalis?

A

trichomoniasis

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48
Q

How is trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?

A

sex

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49
Q

any parasitic flagellate protozoan that lives in the bloodstream

A

hemoflagellates

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50
Q

What are the 2 genera of hemoflagellates?

A

trypansoma and leishmania

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51
Q

What disease is caused by trypanasoma brucei grambiense and trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse?

A

African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness)

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52
Q

What is the vector for trypanasoma brucei grambiense and trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse?

A

tse tse fly

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53
Q

What is the reservoir for trypanasoma brucei grambiense?

A

humans

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54
Q

What is the reservoir for trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse?

A

humans and animals

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55
Q

What organism causes coma from demyelinating encephalitis?

A

trypanasoma brucei grambiense and trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse

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56
Q

What are the disease progression differences between trypanasoma brucei grambiense and trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse?

A

trypanasoma brucei grambiense= low grade chronic course over a few years

trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse= more acute, rapidly progressive disease that if untreated is fatal

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57
Q

What organism would cause this?
-initial ulcer at site of bite
-intermittent weekly fever and lymphadenopathy
-enlargement of posterior cervical lymph nodes= winterbottom’s sign
-encephalitis

A

trypanasoma brucei grambiense and trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse

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58
Q

What would early labs show for someone infected with trypanasoma brucei grambiense and trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse?

A

trymastigotes in blood, lymph nodes, and CSF

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59
Q

What disease is caused by trypanosoma cruzi?

A

South American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ disease)

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60
Q

What is the vector for trypanosoma cruzi?

A

reduviid bug (kissing bug or also known as assassin bug)

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61
Q

What muscle in the body is most frequently and severely affected by trypanosoma cruzi?

A

cardiac muscle

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62
Q

What organism would cause this?
-chagoma/nodule near bite
-bite around eye can result in unilateral swelling called romana’s sign

A

trypanosoma cruzi

63
Q

What disease is caused by leishmania donovani?

A

visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar

64
Q

What is the vector for leishmania donovani?

65
Q

What organism would cause this?
-organs of the RES system severely affected (liver, spleen, BM)
-LD bodies found within macrophages

A

leishmania donovani

(LD bodies stands for leishmania donovani bodies)

66
Q

What disease is caused by leishmania tropica?

A

old world cutaneous leishmaniasis (this is in Middle East, Africa, and India)

67
Q

What is the main reservoir for leishmania tropica, leishmania mexicana, and leishmania braziliensis?

68
Q

What is the main vector for leishmania tropica, leishmania mexicana, and leishmania braziliensis?

69
Q

What disease is caused by leishmania mexicana?

A

new world cutaneous leishmaniasis (this is in central and south america)

70
Q

What disease is caused by Leishmania braziliensis?

A

mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia)

71
Q

Who is most likely to be infected by leishmania braziliensis?

A

forestry and construction workers

72
Q

What disease is caused by plasmodium malariae, P. ovale, P. falciparum, P. vivax?

73
Q

What is the number 1 killer of all the parasitic diseases?

74
Q

What are the 4 species that cause malaria in humans?

A

1) P. vivax
2) P. falciparum
3) P. malariae
4) P. ovale

note: P. vivax and P. falciparum are most common

75
Q

What is the most pathogenic malaria species?

A

P. falciparum

76
Q

What is the vector for malaria?

A

female anopheles mosquitoes

77
Q

Who is the definitive host for malaria?

A

female anopheles mosquitoes

78
Q

Who is the intermediate host for malaria?

79
Q

What cell in the body is destroyed when someone is infected with malaria?

80
Q

What is the drug of choice to treat malaria?

A

choloroquine

81
Q

What disease is caused by toxoplasma gondii?

A

toxoplasmosis

82
Q

How is toxoplasma gondii transmitted?

A

undercooked meat or being in contact with cat feces

83
Q

In US, kitty liter is the most common source of exposure to what for humans?

A

toxoplasma gondii

84
Q

What is the definitive host of toxoplasma gondii?

85
Q

Some toxoplasma gondii infections resemble what in clinical findings?

86
Q

What are the torch infections?

A

T= toxoplasmosis
O= others (syphilis, hepatitis B, etc.)
R= rubella
C= cytomegalovirus (CMV)
H= herpes simplex

87
Q

Congenital infection with _______________ is a leading cause of blindness in children

A

toxoplasma gondii

88
Q

What disease is caused by naegleria fowleri?

A

primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) also known as brain eating amoeba

89
Q

How is naegleria fowleri transmitted

A

swimming in warm bodies of water

90
Q

What is the most deadly disease of CNS? 2nd most deadly?

A

1st= rabies
2nd= brain eating amoeba

91
Q

Where does naegleria fowleri enter the human body?

A

nasal cavity and migrates along olfactory nerve

92
Q

What is the fancy word for beef tapeworm?

A

taenia saginata

93
Q

What disease is caused by taenia saginata?

94
Q

How is taenia saginata transmitted?

A

eating raw or undercooked beef containing larvae

95
Q

What is the intermediate host of taenia saginata?

A

cattle/cow

96
Q

What is the definitive host of taenia saginata and taenia solium?

97
Q

What is the fancy word for pork tapeworm?

A

taenia solium

98
Q

What diseases are caused by taenia solium?

A

taeniasis and cysticercosis

99
Q

What is the intermediate host of taenia solium?

100
Q

The adult form of taenia solium causes what disease?

101
Q

The larvae form of taenia solium causes what disease?

A

cysticercosis

102
Q

What disease is caused by echinococcosis granulosus?

A

echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease or dog tapeworm

103
Q

What is the fancy word for dog tapeworm?

A

echinococcosis granulosus

104
Q

What is the smallest tapeworm?

A

echinococcosis granulosus

105
Q

What is the definitive host of echinococcosis granulosus?

106
Q

What is intermediate host of echinococcosis granulosus?

A

human***, sheep, goats, swine

107
Q

Which parasite has embryos that develop into large fluid filled hydatid cysts?

A

echinococcosis granulosus

108
Q

What is the fancy word for fish tapeworm?

A

diphyllobothrium latum

109
Q

What disease is caused by diphyllobothrium latum?

A

diphyllobthriasis

110
Q

How is diphyllobothrium latum transmitted?

A

eating raw or undercooked fish containing larvae

111
Q

What is the 1st intermediate host of diphyllobothrium latum?

112
Q

What is the 2nd intermediate host of diphyllobothrium latum?

A

freshwater fish

113
Q

What is the definitive host of diphyllobothrium latum?

114
Q

What parasite can cause pernicious megaloblastic anemia (vit B12 def)?

A

diphyllobothrium latum

(fish tapeworm competes with vit B12 and auto Abs develop)

115
Q

What disease is caused by hymenolepsis nana (dwarf tapeworm)?

A

hymenolepiasis

116
Q

What parasite is capable of autoinfection?

A

hymenolepsis nana (dwarf tapeworm)

117
Q

What is the definitive host of hymenolepsis nana (dwarf tapeworm)?

A

humans

(note: there is no intermediate host for this tapeworm! its the only tapeworm without an intermediate host)

118
Q

What is the most frequently found tapeworm in the US?

A

hymenolepsis nana (dwarf tapeworm)

119
Q

Schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonicum, and schistosoma haematobium are all known as

A

schistosomes or blood flukes

120
Q

What is the definitive host of schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonicum, and schistosoma haematobium?

121
Q

What is the intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonicum, and schistosoma haematobium?

122
Q

What is the only parasite that can cause cancer?

A

schistosoma haematobium infection can lead to carcinoma of bladder

note: viruses and bacterium like H. pylori can also cause cancer

123
Q

What parasite causes cercarial dermatitis (swimmers itch)?

A

Schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonicum, and schistosoma haematobium

124
Q

What disease is caused by ascaris lumbricoides?

A

ascariasis

125
Q

What is the largest intestinal nematode of humans?

A

ascaris lumbricoides

126
Q

How is ascaris lumbricoides transmitted?

A

ingesting contaminated food or water

127
Q

What disease is caused by enterobius vermicularis?

A

enterobiasis (pinworm, also known as seat worm or threadworm)

128
Q

What parasite causes perianal pruritus?

A

enterobius vermicularis

129
Q

What is the most common helminthic infection in US?

A

enterobius vermicularis

130
Q

What parasite is diagnosed with a scotch tape test or flashlight test?

A

enterobius vermicularis

131
Q

What disease is caused by trichuris trichura?

A

whipworm/ trichuriasis

132
Q

What disease is caused by trichinella spiralis?

A

trichinosis

133
Q

What is the reservoir for trichinella spiralis?

A

pigs or bears

134
Q

How is trichinella spiralis transmitted?

A

eating raw or undercooked pig or bear

135
Q

Eggs of what parasite develop in striated muscle cells and eventually calcify?

A

trichinella spiralis

136
Q

What disease is caused by strongyloides stercoralis?

A

strongyloidiasis

137
Q

What parasite would have these clinical findings?
-ground itch
-pneumonitis
-sepsis
-watery diarrhea
-eosinophilia

A

strongyloides stercoralis

138
Q

What is another name for nector americanus?

A

new world hookworm

139
Q

What is another name for ancylostoma duodenale?

A

old world hookworm

140
Q

What disease is caused by nector americanus and ancylostoma duodenale?

A

uncinariasis and ancylostomiasis

141
Q

What parasitic infection would have these clinical findings?
-ground itch
-pneumonia with eosinophilia
-iron def anemia

A

nector americanus and ancylostoma duodenale

142
Q

What disease is caused by wucheria bancrofti?

A

filariasis (elephantiasis)

143
Q

What is the vector and intermediate host for wucheria bancrofti?

A

female mosquitos

144
Q

What is the definitive host of wucheria bancrofti?

145
Q

Which parasitic infection obstructs lymphatic vessels and causes elephantiasis?

A

wucheria bancrofti

146
Q

What disease is caused by onchocerca volvulus?

A

onchocerciasis (river blindness)

147
Q

What is the vector for onchocerca volvulus?

A

female blackfly

148
Q

What is the definitive host of onchocerca volvulus?

149
Q

What disease is caused by loa loa?

A

loiasis (african eye worm)

150
Q

What is the vector and intermediate host of loa loa?

151
Q

What is the definitive host of loa loa?

152
Q

What parasite causes calabar swellings around the eye?

153
Q

What disease is caused by dracunculus medinesis?

A

dracontiasis (guinea fire worm infection)

154
Q

How is dracunculus medinesis transmitted?

A

crustaceans containing infective larvae are swallowed in drinking water

Microbio 2 (6 decks)

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