Parasitology (Exam 1) Flashcards
1
Q
There are 3 types of parasites but we will only study the 2 that live inside the body. What are these 2 types?
A
1) protozoa
2) metazoa
2
Q
What is the difference between protozoa and metazoa parasites?
A
protozoa are single celled organisms whereas metazoa are multicellular organisms
3
Q
What are these?
1) sarcodina (amoeboids)
2) ciliophora (ciliated protozoans)
3) mastigophora (flagellated protozoans)
4) sporozoa (sporozoan)
A
the 4 groups of protozoa
4
Q
Which protozoa group has pseudopod formation?
A
sarcodina (amoeboids)
5
Q
What is the 1 sarcodina (amoeboids) organism we learned?
A
entamoeba histolytic
6
Q
Where does entamoeba histolytic live in the body?
A
GI tract
7
Q
Which protozoa group has cilia?
A
ciliophora (ciliated protozoans)
8
Q
What is the 1 ciliophora (ciliated protozoan) we learned?
A
balantidium coli
9
Q
Where does balantidium coli live in the body?
A
GI tract
10
Q
Which protozoa has flagella?
A
mastigophora (flagellated protozoans)
11
Q
What are these?
1) giarida lamblia
2) trichomonas vaginalis
3) trypanasoma gambiense, trypanasoma rhodesiense, and trypansoma cruzi
4) leishmania donovani, leishmania tropica, leishmania mexicana, and leishmania braziliensis
A
the 4 mastigophora (flagellated protozoans)
12
Q
Where is giarida lamblia found in the body?
A
GI tract
13
Q
Where is trichomonas vaginalis found in the body?
A
vagina and prostate
14
Q
Where is trypanasoma gambiense, trypanasoma rhodesiense, and trypansoma cruzi found in the body?
A
blood
15
Q
Where is leishmania donovani, leishmania tropica, leishmania mexicana, and leishmania braziliensis found in the body?
A
cutaneous tissue like skin
16
Q
Which protozoa has no external organs of locomotion?
A
sporozoa (sporozoan)
17
Q
Which protozoa makes spores?
A
sporozoa (sporozoan)
18
Q
What are the 3 sporozoa (sporozoans) we learned in class?
A
1) plasmodium
2) toxoplasma gondii
3) cryptosporidium parvum
19
Q
Which parasite is acarpomyxea (amoeba like)?
A
naegleria fowleri
20
Q
What is the fancy word for flatworms?
A
platyhelminthes
21
Q
What are the 2 classes of flatworms?
A
1) cestoda (tapeworms)
2) trematoda (flukes)
22
Q
What are these?
-taenia saginata
-taenia solium
-echinococcosis granulosus
-hymenolepsis nana
-diphyllobothrium
A
cestoda (tapeworms)
23
Q
What are these?
-schistosoma mansoni
-schistosoma japonicum
-schistosoma haemotobium
-fasciolopsis buski
-clonorchis sinesis
-fasciola hepatica
-paragonimus westermani
A
trematoda (flukes)
24
Q
What trematoda/fluke is this?
-schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma japonicum
A
GI tract
25
What trematoda/fluke is this?
-schistosoma haemotobium
urinary tract
26
What trematoda/fluke is this?
-fasciolopsis buski
intestinal fluke
27
What trematoda/fluke is this?
-clonorchis sinesis and fasciola hepatica
liver fluke
28
What trematoda/fluke is this?
-paragonimus westermani
lung fluke
29
What is the fancy word for round worms?
nemahelminthes
30
What are these?
-ascaris lumbricoides
-enterobius vermicularis
-trichuris trichura
-trichinella spiralis
-strongyloides stercoralis
-necator americanus
-ancylostoma duodenale
-wucheria bancrofti
-onchocerca volvulus
-loa loa
-dracunculus medinesis
nematoda/nemahelminthes/ round worms
31
Where are these nematodes found?
-ascaris lumbricoides
-enterobius vermicularis
-trichuris trichura
-trichinella spiralis
-strongyloides stercoralis
-necator americanus
-ancylostoma duodenale
gi tract
32
Where are these nematodes found?
-wucheria bancrofti
-onchocerca volvulus
-loa loa
-dracunculus medinesis
lymphatic and cutaneous tissue
33
What diseases are caused by entamoeba histolytica?
amebiasis (amebic dysentery) and liver abscess
34
What is the route of transmission for entamoeba histolytica
ingestion of cysts in fecally contaminated food or water
35
What organism causes a flask like lesion?
entamoeba histolytica
36
What organism would cause an anchovy paste like pus from liver abscess?
entamoeba histolytica
37
What is the treatment for entamoeba histolytica?
metronidazole or tinidazole
38
What are the diseases caused by balantidum coli?
balantidiasis, ciliary, or balantidal dysentery
39
What is the largest protozoan that infects humans?
balantidum coli
40
What is the only ciliated protozoan that causes human disease?
balantidum coli
41
What is the main reservoir for balantidum coli?
pigs
42
What is the transmission route for balantidum coli?
fecal oral route
43
What disease is caused by giarida lambila?
giardiasis
44
What is the transmission route for giarida lambila?
fecal oral route
45
Who frequently gets infected by giarida lambila?
-hikers who drink untreated water
-children
46
What organism would have trophozoite that causes inflammation and weight loss due to malabsorption of fat, lactose, and vit A?
giarida lambila
47
What disease is caused by trichomonas vaginalis?
trichomoniasis
48
How is trichomonas vaginalis transmitted?
sex
49
any parasitic flagellate protozoan that lives in the bloodstream
hemoflagellates
50
What are the 2 genera of hemoflagellates?
trypansoma and leishmania
51
What disease is caused by trypanasoma brucei grambiense and trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse?
African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping sickness)
52
What is the vector for trypanasoma brucei grambiense and trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse?
tse tse fly
53
What is the reservoir for trypanasoma brucei grambiense?
humans
54
What is the reservoir for trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse?
humans and animals
55
What organism causes coma from demyelinating encephalitis?
trypanasoma brucei grambiense and trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse
56
What are the disease progression differences between trypanasoma brucei grambiense and trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse?
trypanasoma brucei grambiense= low grade chronic course over a few years
trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse= more acute, rapidly progressive disease that if untreated is fatal
57
What organism would cause this?
-initial ulcer at site of bite
-intermittent weekly fever and lymphadenopathy
-enlargement of posterior cervical lymph nodes= winterbottom's sign
-encephalitis
trypanasoma brucei grambiense and trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse
58
What would early labs show for someone infected with trypanasoma brucei grambiense and trypanasoma brucei rhodesinse?
trymastigotes in blood, lymph nodes, and CSF
59
What disease is caused by trypanosoma cruzi?
South American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease)
60
What is the vector for trypanosoma cruzi?
reduviid bug (kissing bug or also known as assassin bug)
61
What muscle in the body is most frequently and severely affected by trypanosoma cruzi?
cardiac muscle
62
What organism would cause this?
-chagoma/nodule near bite
-bite around eye can result in unilateral swelling called romana's sign
trypanosoma cruzi
63
What disease is caused by leishmania donovani?
visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar
64
What is the vector for leishmania donovani?
sandfly
65
What organism would cause this?
-organs of the RES system severely affected (liver, spleen, BM)
-LD bodies found within macrophages
leishmania donovani
(LD bodies stands for leishmania donovani bodies)
66
What disease is caused by leishmania tropica?
old world cutaneous leishmaniasis (this is in Middle East, Africa, and India)
67
What is the main reservoir for leishmania tropica, leishmania mexicana, and leishmania braziliensis?
rodants
68
What is the main vector for leishmania tropica, leishmania mexicana, and leishmania braziliensis?
sandfly
69
What disease is caused by leishmania mexicana?
new world cutaneous leishmaniasis (this is in central and south america)
70
What disease is caused by Leishmania braziliensis?
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (espundia)
71
Who is most likely to be infected by leishmania braziliensis?
forestry and construction workers
72
What disease is caused by plasmodium malariae, P. ovale, P. falciparum, P. vivax?
malaria
73
What is the number 1 killer of all the parasitic diseases?
malaria
74
What are the 4 species that cause malaria in humans?
1) P. vivax
2) P. falciparum
3) P. malariae
4) P. ovale
note: P. vivax and P. falciparum are most common
75
What is the most pathogenic malaria species?
P. falciparum
76
What is the vector for malaria?
female anopheles mosquitoes
77
Who is the definitive host for malaria?
female anopheles mosquitoes
78
Who is the intermediate host for malaria?
humans
79
What cell in the body is destroyed when someone is infected with malaria?
RBCs
80
What is the drug of choice to treat malaria?
choloroquine
81
What disease is caused by toxoplasma gondii?
toxoplasmosis
82
How is toxoplasma gondii transmitted?
undercooked meat or being in contact with cat feces
83
In US, kitty liter is the most common source of exposure to what for humans?
toxoplasma gondii
84
What is the definitive host of toxoplasma gondii?
cat
85
Some toxoplasma gondii infections resemble what in clinical findings?
mono
86
What are the torch infections?
T= toxoplasmosis
O= others (syphilis, hepatitis B, etc.)
R= rubella
C= cytomegalovirus (CMV)
H= herpes simplex
87
Congenital infection with _______________ is a leading cause of blindness in children
toxoplasma gondii
88
What disease is caused by naegleria fowleri?
primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) also known as brain eating amoeba
89
How is naegleria fowleri transmitted
swimming in warm bodies of water
90
What is the most deadly disease of CNS? 2nd most deadly?
1st= rabies
2nd= brain eating amoeba
91
Where does naegleria fowleri enter the human body?
nasal cavity and migrates along olfactory nerve
92
What is the fancy word for beef tapeworm?
taenia saginata
93
What disease is caused by taenia saginata?
taeniasis
94
How is taenia saginata transmitted?
eating raw or undercooked beef containing larvae
95
What is the intermediate host of taenia saginata?
cattle/cow
96
What is the definitive host of taenia saginata and taenia solium?
humans
97
What is the fancy word for pork tapeworm?
taenia solium
98
What diseases are caused by taenia solium?
taeniasis and cysticercosis
99
What is the intermediate host of taenia solium?
pig
100
The adult form of taenia solium causes what disease?
taeniasis
101
The larvae form of taenia solium causes what disease?
cysticercosis
102
What disease is caused by echinococcosis granulosus?
echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease or dog tapeworm
103
What is the fancy word for dog tapeworm?
echinococcosis granulosus
104
What is the smallest tapeworm?
echinococcosis granulosus
105
What is the definitive host of echinococcosis granulosus?
dog
106
What is intermediate host of echinococcosis granulosus?
human***, sheep, goats, swine
107
Which parasite has embryos that develop into large fluid filled hydatid cysts?
echinococcosis granulosus
108
What is the fancy word for fish tapeworm?
diphyllobothrium latum
109
What disease is caused by diphyllobothrium latum?
diphyllobthriasis
110
How is diphyllobothrium latum transmitted?
eating raw or undercooked fish containing larvae
111
What is the 1st intermediate host of diphyllobothrium latum?
crustacae
112
What is the 2nd intermediate host of diphyllobothrium latum?
freshwater fish
113
What is the definitive host of diphyllobothrium latum?
humans
114
What parasite can cause pernicious megaloblastic anemia (vit B12 def)?
diphyllobothrium latum
(fish tapeworm competes with vit B12 and auto Abs develop)
115
What disease is caused by hymenolepsis nana (dwarf tapeworm)?
hymenolepiasis
116
What parasite is capable of autoinfection?
hymenolepsis nana (dwarf tapeworm)
117
What is the definitive host of hymenolepsis nana (dwarf tapeworm)?
humans
(note: there is no intermediate host for this tapeworm! its the only tapeworm without an intermediate host)
118
What is the most frequently found tapeworm in the US?
hymenolepsis nana (dwarf tapeworm)
119
Schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonicum, and schistosoma haematobium are all known as
schistosomes or blood flukes
120
What is the definitive host of schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonicum, and schistosoma haematobium?
humans
121
What is the intermediate host of schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonicum, and schistosoma haematobium?
snail
122
What is the only parasite that can cause cancer?
schistosoma haematobium infection can lead to carcinoma of bladder
note: viruses and bacterium like H. pylori can also cause cancer
123
What parasite causes cercarial dermatitis (swimmers itch)?
Schistosoma mansoni, schistosoma japonicum, and schistosoma haematobium
124
What disease is caused by ascaris lumbricoides?
ascariasis
125
What is the largest intestinal nematode of humans?
ascaris lumbricoides
126
How is ascaris lumbricoides transmitted?
ingesting contaminated food or water
127
What disease is caused by enterobius vermicularis?
enterobiasis (pinworm, also known as seat worm or threadworm)
128
What parasite causes perianal pruritus?
enterobius vermicularis
129
What is the most common helminthic infection in US?
enterobius vermicularis
130
What parasite is diagnosed with a scotch tape test or flashlight test?
enterobius vermicularis
131
What disease is caused by trichuris trichura?
whipworm/ trichuriasis
132
What disease is caused by trichinella spiralis?
trichinosis
133
What is the reservoir for trichinella spiralis?
pigs or bears
134
How is trichinella spiralis transmitted?
eating raw or undercooked pig or bear
135
Eggs of what parasite develop in striated muscle cells and eventually calcify?
trichinella spiralis
136
What disease is caused by strongyloides stercoralis?
strongyloidiasis
137
What parasite would have these clinical findings?
-ground itch
-pneumonitis
-sepsis
-watery diarrhea
-eosinophilia
strongyloides stercoralis
138
What is another name for nector americanus?
new world hookworm
139
What is another name for ancylostoma duodenale?
old world hookworm
140
What disease is caused by nector americanus and ancylostoma duodenale?
uncinariasis and ancylostomiasis
141
What parasitic infection would have these clinical findings?
-ground itch
-pneumonia with eosinophilia
-iron def anemia
nector americanus and ancylostoma duodenale
142
What disease is caused by wucheria bancrofti?
filariasis (elephantiasis)
143
What is the vector and intermediate host for wucheria bancrofti?
female mosquitos
144
What is the definitive host of wucheria bancrofti?
humans
145
Which parasitic infection obstructs lymphatic vessels and causes elephantiasis?
wucheria bancrofti
146
What disease is caused by onchocerca volvulus?
onchocerciasis (river blindness)
147
What is the vector for onchocerca volvulus?
female blackfly
148
What is the definitive host of onchocerca volvulus?
humans
149
What disease is caused by loa loa?
loiasis (african eye worm)
150
What is the vector and intermediate host of loa loa?
deer fly
151
What is the definitive host of loa loa?
humans
152
What parasite causes calabar swellings around the eye?
loa loa
153
What disease is caused by dracunculus medinesis?
dracontiasis (guinea fire worm infection)
154
How is dracunculus medinesis transmitted?
crustaceans containing infective larvae are swallowed in drinking water
