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parasitology > Parasitology: Diseases > Flashcards

Parasitology: Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Malaria

A

Plasmodium species
from tropic and subtropic areas
Vector: Mosquito
Uses blood smears to identify

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2
Q

Blood smears

A

Thick film: Screening for parasites
Thin Film: differentiation of species. Count # of infected cells to determine load

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3
Q

Plasmodium vivax

A

Sporozoa
Causes benign tertian malaria
chronic infections can lead to brain, liver, and kidney damage

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4
Q

Plasmodium malaria

A

Sporozoa
Quartan malaria
spontaneous recovery, repeated attacks for 20yrs.
Nephrotic syndrome

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5
Q

Plasmodium falciparum

A

Sporozoa
Tends to have highest parasite load
asynchronous life cycle w/ rbc rupture.
MOST SEVERE/COMMON in US
“black water fever”: repeated infections

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6
Q

Babesia species

A

Sporozoa
humans are accidental hosts
New England, Wisconsin, and Connecticut are known areas of infection
Hemolytic anemia
majority of cases are self limiting
DEER TICK vector

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7
Q

Intestinal sporozoa

A

Stool Sample
subclass is coccidia
Isospora belli
Cryptosporidium parvum
Cyclospora cayetanensis

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8
Q

Isospora belli

A

Intestinal sporozoa
fecal oral route of spreading
infection can be severe in immunocompromised patients
mild diarrhea to dysentery

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9
Q

Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Intestinal sporozoa
modified acid fast used to diagnose
fecal-oral
self-limiting diarrhea
can cause dysentery in immunocompromised. can be fatal!

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10
Q

Cyclospora cayetanensis

A

Intestinal sporozoa
human to human transmission only
self-limiting diarrhea
diagnosed using acid-fast

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11
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Tissue sporozoa
infects almost all animals and birds
diagnose using immunoassay methods
CATS are host
disease mimics mono
organism can cross placenta
immunocompromised patients: encephalitis, myocarditis, hepatitis

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12
Q

Intestinal amoeba

A

compare wet preps with fixed smears to confirm

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13
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

A

Intestinal amoeba
causes intestinal ulcerations
amebic dysentery

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14
Q

Entamoeba hartmanni

A

Intestinal amoeba
commensal and non-pathogenic

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15
Q

Entamoeba coli

A

Intestinal amoeba
Commensal, non-pathogenic. Is a sign to watch out for other parasites

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16
Q

Endolimax nana

A

Intestinal amoeba
commensal, non-pathogenic

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17
Q

Iodamoeba butschlii

A

Intestinal amoeba
commensal, non-pathogenic

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18
Q

Blastocystis hominis

A

Intestinal amoeba
may cause gastrointestinal disease, but unclear.
causes disease in AIDs patients
one of most common parasites
causes diarhae

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19
Q

Extraintestinal amoeba

A

not found in stool (CSF, brain tissue, corneal scraping, contact lens)

20
Q

Naegleria fowleri

A

Extraintestinal amoeba
PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS
USE CSF

21
Q

Acanthamoeba

A

Extraintestinal amoeba
granulomatous amebic meningitis
also causes acanthamoeba keratitis (from contact lens)
Uses CSF
corneal scrapings for kerititis

22
Q

Giardia lamblia

A

Intestinal flagellates
traveler’s diarrhea
malabsorption syndrome due to damage of intestinal damage caused by suckers
Beavers are reservoir host

23
Q

Chilomastix mesnili

A

Intestinal flagellates
commensal, non-pathogenic

24
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis

A

Intestinal flagellates
controversial: may be symptomatic, may have diarrhea

25
Q

Trichomonas hominis

A

Intestinal flagellates
Commensal, non-pathogenic

26
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Intestinal flagellates
causes STI
causes urethritis and vaginitis
examine urine, vaginal discharge, urethral discharge, or prostatic secretions
molecular diagnostics available for female patients

27
Q

Leishmania

A

hemoflagellates
vector is sand fly
diagnose using amastigotes in tissue, secretions, or skin scrapings

28
Q

Leishmania donovani

A

hemoflagellates
causes kala-Azar (visceral leishmaniasis)
nondescript abdominal illness
patients usually have anemia. death in 2yrs if left untreated

29
Q

Leishmania brazilienis

A

hemoflagellates
causes espundia

30
Q

Leishmania tropica

A

hemoflagellates
causes oriental sore
(pus-filled, self healing wound)

31
Q

Trypansoma

A

hemoflagellates
find trypomastigotes in blood, lymph, and csf
T. Cruzi has C or U shape, can cross placenta causing congenital infections

T. brusi: African sleeping sickness

32
Q

Balantidium coli

A

Intestinal ciliate
causes balantidiasis
Can resemble amoebic dysentery

33
Q

Enterobius vermicularis

A

Intestinal Nematodes (helminths)
Most common is US
person-person. humans are only known host
“Scotch tape” method of collection
causes enterobiasis
itchy bum

34
Q

Trichuris trichiura

A

Intestinal Nematodes (helminths)
whipworm
causes dysentery and severe anemia

35
Q

Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Intestinal Nematodes (helminths)
most common helminth infection worldwide
CAN USE STOOL OR SPUTUM SAMPLE
“round worm”
abdominal pain, eosinophilia, pneumonia

36
Q

Hookworm

A

Intestinal Nematodes (helminths)
necator americanus
ancylostoma duodenale
can get from walking barefoot on sand/soil
Can cause iron deficiency anemia

37
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis

A

Intestinal Nematodes (helminths)
Threadworm
EGGS NOT used as diagnostic.
Uses stool or sputum
cutaneous larval migrans
skin lesions, itching at site of penetration
pneumonitis

38
Q

Filariae

A

Tissue Nematodes (helminths)
use blood/tissue (giemsa stain)
may or may not be sheathed

No sheath: Onchocerca volvulus

Sheath: Loa Loa

39
Q

Intestinal Cestodes

A

use stool
Taenia, Hymenolepis, Diphyllobothrium

40
Q

Taenia species

A

causes eosinophilia
causes taeniasis through ingesting raw/undercooked beef/pork
Cysticercosis: T. solium invades blood. symptoms varry by site of infection

41
Q

Hymenolepis diminuta

A

RAT/tapeworm disease

42
Q

Hymenolepis nana

A

Hymenolepiasis
Dwarf tapeworm disease

43
Q

Diphyllobothrium lactum

A

Fish tapeworm infections
Diphyllobotheriasis
Vitamin B12 (pernicious anemia)

44
Q

Fasciolosis/Fasciola

A

Trematode (Helminth)
Uses Stool
F. hepatica: liver rot

45
Q

Clonorchis sinensis

A

Trematode (Helminth)
Endemic in japan, china, taiwan
“chinese liver fluke”

46
Q

Paragonimus westermani

A

Trematode (Helminth)
lung fluke
paragonimiasis/ pulmonary distomiasis
blood in sputum
found in sputum/stool

47
Q

Schistosoma species

A

Trematodes (Helminth)
S. mansoni: Manson’s blood fluke. Stool. found in veins of intestinal tract
S. japonicum: Stool. found in veins of intestinal tract
S. haematobium: bladder fluke. Urie Ova

parasitology (8 decks)

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