Parasitology Board Exam Flashcards
Common name of A. lumbricoides
Roundworm
Largest Intestinal Nematode
A. lumbricoides
Old world hookworm
Ancylostoma duodenale
New world hookworm
Necator americanus
Dog hookworm
Ancylostoma caninum
- cutaneous larval migrans
- creeping reaction
Ancylostoma braziliense
- Golden hamster hookworm
- smallest hookworm
Ancylostoma ceylanicum
- animal ascarid
- Visceral larva migrans
Toxocara canis/cati
Common name of E. vermicularis
Pinworm/seatworm
Common name of T. trichiura
Whipworm
Common name of Strongyloides stercoralis
Threadworm
Common name of Strongyloides stercoralis
Threadworm
Common name of Capillaria philippinensis
Mystery, pudoc, bagsit worm
- Fish and marine mammal worm
- Herring’s worm
Anisakis
- Rat/rodent lung worm
- Eosinophilic meningoencephalitis
Angiostrongylus cantonensis
New name of of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Parastrongylus cantonensis
- Resides at muscle
- used muscle biopsy for diagnosis
Trichinella spiralis
- Longest nematode that can affect human
- Fiery serpent worm, guinea worm
Dracunculus medinensis
Lower extremities filariae
Wuchereria bancrofti
Upper extremities filariae
Brugia malayi
African eye worm
Loa loa
- River blindness
- blinding filariasis
Onchocerca volvulus
Dog tissue nematode
Dirofilaria immitis
- Largest Intestinal nematode
- The only pathogenic in ciliate
Balantidium coli
- travelers diarrhea/gay bowel
- steatorrhea
Giardia lamblia
Shape of trophozoite of Chilomastix mesnili
Shepherd crook shape
Cyst shape of C. Mesnili
Lemon/nipple shape
Pingpong dse (strawberry cervix purpura)
Trichomonas vaginalis
An oral flagellate
Trichomonas tenax
- Chagas dse’/chagoma
- Romana’s sign (swelling on eyelids)
Trypanosoma cruzi
West African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
East African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
- Kala-azar dse and dumdum fever
- visceral leshmaniasis
Leishmania donovani
- old world cutaneous leishmaniasis
- orietal sores, delhi boils, baghdad boils
Leishmania tropica
- new world cutaneous leishmaniasis
- bay sore/chiclero ulcer
Leishmania mexicana
- mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
- espundia, forest yaws
Leishmania braziliensis
Destruction of mucous membrane
Espundia
-a malarial parasites that are Benign tertian (every 48 hrs)
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium ovale
- black water fever
- malignant tertian malaria
- most pathogenic parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
- Quartan malarial parasite (72 hrs)
- least pathogenic
Plasmodium malariae
Chinese liver fluke
Clonorchis sinensis
Cat liver fluke
Opistorchis felineus
- Sheep liver fluke
- Temperate liver fluke
Fasciola hepatica
- Giant liver fluke
- Tropical liver fluke
Fasciola gigantica
-Large/giant intestinal fluke
Fasciolopsis buski
Garrison’s fluke
Echinostoma ilocanum
- Heterophid fluke
- smallest and most dangeorus
- VON SIEBOLD’s FLUKE
Heterophyes heterophyes
-Oriental blood fluke
Key word: Japan
Schistosoma japonicum
Manson’s blood fluke
Schistosoma mansoni
- bladder/ vesicle blood fluke
- bilharziasis, swamp fever, katayama fever
Schistosoma haematobium
- oriental lung fluke
- pulmonary TB like infection
Old name: Paragonimus westermani
New name: Sundathelphusa philippina
- broad fish tapeworm
- fish tapeworm infection
- vit. B12 deficiency anemia (cyanocobalamine)
Diphyllobothrium latum
Common name of Taenia solium
Pork tapeworm
Common name of Taenia saginata
Beef saginata
Dwarf tapeworm
Hymenolepis nana
Rat tapeworm
Hymenolepis diminuta
- an accidental cause of hydatidbdse in human living in the subarctic
- Fox tapeworm
Echinococcus multilocularis
- dog/cat tapworm
- pumpkin seed tapeworm
- double pore tapeworm
Dipylidium caninum
Infective stage of the PROTOZOANS (amoeba) & ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA
Cyst
infective stage of T. VAGINALIS
Trophozoite
Infective stage of PLASMODIUM SPP.
Sporozoites
Infective stage of the TRYPANOSOMA SPP.
Trypomastigote
Infective stage of LEISHMANIA SPP
Promastigote
Infective stage of (H.A.T.E.)
- H. nana
- A. Lumbricoides
- T. trichiura
- E. vermicularis
Embryonated egg
Infective stage of the (B.L.O.W.A.M.)
- B. malayi
- L. Loa
- O. volvulus
- W. bancrofti
- A. cantonensis
- Mansonella ozzardi
3rd stage larva
Infective stage of the;
- Hookworm
- S. stercoralis
Filariform larva
Infective stage of SCHISTOSOMA SPP.
Cercaria
Infective stage of the (FFCOPEH)
- F. hepatica
- F. buski
- C. Sinensis
- O. fileneus
- P. westermani
- E. Ilocanum
- Heterophyds
Metacercaria
Infective stage of T. SOLIUM
Cysticercus cellulosae
Infective stage of T. SAGINATA
Cysticercus bovis
Infective stage of D. LATUM
Plerocercoid larva
Infective stage of E. GRANULOSUS
Hydatid cyst
Infective stage of
- H. DIMINUTA
- D. CANINUM
Cysticercoid larva
Area of Biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another
PARASITOLOGY
-Concerned primarily with parasites that affect humans and their medical significance, as well as their importance in human communities
MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY
-Living together of unlike organisms, may involve protection or other advantages to one/ both organisms
SYMBIOSIS
- 2 species live together and one species benefits from one the relationship w/out harming/ benefitting the other
COMMENSALISM
- 2 organisms mutually benefit from each other
MUTUALISM
- 1 parasite, the parasite lives in or on another, depending on the host for its survival
PARASITISM
Parasite living inside the body of a host, presence is called (?)
ENDOPARASITE; INFECTION
- Parasite living outside of the body of a host; presence is called (?)
ECTOPARASITE; INFESTATION
- Found in an organ which is not usually its habitat
ERRATIC
- needs a host at some stage of their life cycle to complete their development
OBLIGATE/OBLIGATIVE
- may exist in a free living state or may become parasitic when the need arises
FACULTATIVE
- Establishes itself in a host where it does not ordinary live
ACCIDENTAL/INCIDENTAL
- Remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life
PERMANENT
- Free living organisms that passes thru the digestive tract without infecting the host
SPURIOUS/ COPROZOIC
- Where the parasite attains sexual maturity
DEFINITIVE/ FINAL
- Harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite
INTERMEDIATE
- Does not develop further to later stages but remains alive and is able to infect another host
PARATENIC
- Allows the parasite’s life cycle to continue and become additional sources of human infections
RESERVOIR
- host in which parasite is not usually found
ACCIDENTAL
- Transmits the parasite only after the parasite has completed its development within the host
BIOLOGICAL
- Only transport the parasite
MECHANICAL/ PHORETIC
- Process of inoculating an infective stage (heat exposed)
EXPOSURE
- Establishment of the infective agent in the host
INFECTION
- Period between the infection and evidence of symptoms
CLINICAL INCUBATION
- Period between the INFECTION/ ACQUISITION of the parasite and evidence/ demontratiom of infection
BIOLOGICAL INCUBATION
- Refers to when an infected individual becomes his own direct source of infection
AUTOINFECTION
Mode of Transmissions of
- T. SOLIUM
- T. SAGINATA
- D. LATUM
INGESTION/ FECAL- ORAL
Mode of Transmissions of
- S. Stercoralis
- Schistosoma Spp
- Hookworm
SKIN PENETRATION
Mode of Transmissions of
- MALARIAL PARASITES
- FILARIAL PARASITES
- LEISHMANIA SPP.
- TRYPANOSOMA SPP.
- BABESIA SPP.
VECTOR-BORNE INFECTION
Mode of Transmissions of T. GONDII
CONGENITAL
- Parasites that can be transmitted through a mother’s milk (A.S.)
- Ancylostoma
- Strongyloides
Mode of Transmissions of E. VERMI
INHALATION
Mode of Transmissions: Sexual contact
Trichomonas vaginalis
Mode of transmission of S. stercoralis
SKIN PENETRATION
- A vector that only transports the parasite
PHORETIC
- single cell prokaryotes
- Divides thru BINARY FISSION
PROTOZOA
- Infective/ non feeding stage
- Relatively resistant to environmental changes, non motile and found in form stools
CYST
- Vegetative stage
- Less resistant, motile, found in FLUID/ WATERY SAMPLE
- Dstroyed by Iodine
TROPHOZOITES
- Troph to cyst
- Happens in Large intestine
ENCYSTATION
- Cyst to troph
- Happens in SMALL INTESTINE
EXCYSTATION
3 Locomotory of apparatuses of Protozoa
- Pseudopodia: found in Amoeba
- Cilia
- Flagella: Long threadlike
Kingdom of PROTOZOA
PROTISTA
Subphylum Mastigophora
FLAGELLATES
Subphylum Sarcodina
AMOEBA
Unit that performs the vital functions
PROTOPLASM
- The only Amoeba that dont have Cystic stage and not resides at Large intestine
Entamoeba gingivalis (gums)
- The only amoeba that is not commensals
- causes of Amoebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica
- Regulation and maintenance of Osmotic pressure
CONTRACTING VACUOLE
- True Amoeba
- with peripheral chromatin
- with chromatoidal bars
ENTAMOEBA
- Other Amoeba (false)
- No peripheral chromatin
- No chromatoidal bars
ENDOLIMAX/ IODAMOEBA
- Most invasive of the parasite
- HUMANS are the ONLY hosts
Entamoeba histolytica
- An injection of fluid into the lower bowel is called
ENEMA
Best culture media for E. histolytica
LOCK’s EGG SERUM MEDIUM
