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Core Concepts > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Special organelles of flagellates

A

kinetoplast (Leishmania, Trypanosoma) glycosome

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2
Q

Flagellate locomotion

A

flagellum undulating membrane

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3
Q

Flagellate life cycles

A

may be intra or extracellular binary fission fecal-oral or venereal transmission

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4
Q

Special organelles of amoebas

A

pseudopods amoebostome

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5
Q

Amoeba locomotion

A

Pseudopods

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6
Q

Amoeba life cycles

A

direct, fecal oral transmission

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7
Q

Special organelles of coccidians

A

apical complex for host cell penetration rhoptry conoid microneme dense granules

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8
Q

Coccidian locomotion

A

actin-based gliding motility

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9
Q

Coccidian life cycle

A

3 phases; sporogony, excystation, endogenous development

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10
Q

Sporogony

A

development of the unsporulated noninfectious coccidain oocyst into the sporulated infectious oocyst

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11
Q

Excystation

A

occurs in the host; sporozoites are released from sporocysts

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12
Q

Endogenous development

A

sporozoites penetrate cells and undergo schizogony, form trophozoooites, which develop into schhizonts

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13
Q

Special organelles of ciliates

A

two different types of nucleu (nuclear dimorphism) - germ line defined by micronucleus cytostome

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14
Q

Ciliate locomotion

A

two types of cilia - somatic cilia (kineties) oral cilia for feeding

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15
Q

Ciliate life cycle

A

sexual reproduction by conjugation transverse fission fecal oral trans mission

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16
Q

Special organelles of microsporidia

A

polar tube anchoring disk polaroplast posterior vacuole

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17
Q

Microsporidian locomotion

A

nonmotile

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18
Q

Microsporidian life cycle

A

ingestion, inhalation of resistant spores uses polar tube to penetrate host cells, sporoplasm is extruded into the cell then divides to create meronts, divides, converts into sporonts, converts to sporoblasts, then to spores

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19
Q

Order Monogenea

A

primitive flukes of fish - Gyrodactylus and Dactylogyrus Direct life cycles <5 days Hermaphroditic

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20
Q

opisthaptor

A

bulbus, disc-shaped adhesive organ of Monogenea flukes

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21
Q

Order Digenea

A

Includes Schistosomes, Faschiolids, Paragonimus Indirect life cycle with mollusk intermediate host Asexual reproduction and hermaphroditic sexual reproduction phase in vertebrate host

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22
Q

strobila

A

body of a cestode (tapeworm)

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23
Q

scolex

A

anterior end of a cestode, anchoring organ

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24
Q

coracidium

A

free swimming larval form of cestode

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25
Q

what is the first intermediate host of Psudophllidean cestodes?

A

Copepods

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26
Q

what is the second intermediate host of Pseudophyllidean cestodes?

A

vertebrate, various species

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27
Q

metacestode forms of cyclophyllidean cestodes

A

cysticeroid (invertebrate) cysticercus hydatid coenurus strobilolcercus

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28
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Chyeletiella cuniculi

Rabbit

Direct

Large, curved palpal claws

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29
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Eimeria steidae

Rabbit

Prepatent period 14-18 days, patent period 21-37 days

Oocysts in fecal smears or floats; characteristic hepatic changes

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30
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Psoroptes cuniculi

Rabbit

Direct, 21 days

jointed pedicels of the tarsal suckers

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31
Q

Genus species

Host - Rabbit

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Passalurus ambiguus

Rabbit

Direct; prepatent period 56-64 days

Eggs in feces; adults in colon or cecum

32
Q

Rabbit brain tissue

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Encephalitozoon cuniculi

Rabbit, rodents, carnivores, NHPs

Ingestion of spores in urine; shedding up to 60 days

Geimsa or Goodpasture’s carbol fuschin stains; characteristic renal lesions

33
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Toxoplasma gondii

rabbit, cat, guinea pig, other mammals

cat is definitive host, others are aberrant hosts; infection through ingestion of sporulated oocysts in cat feces

Wright-Geimsa stain

34
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Giardia lamblia

Multiple host species

Trophozooites and cysts on fecal smears or floats (Zn sulfate)

35
Q

√

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Spironucleus muris

Mouse, rat, hamster

Direct, ingestion of infectous cysts, colonozation of the crypts of Leiberkuhn

Periodic acid-Schiff or silver stains; wet mount microscopy

36
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Isospora canis

Dog, swine, cat, ferret

Direct life cycle

Organisms on fecal exam

37
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Ichthyophthirius multifilis

fish

Host and environmental life stages

C-shaped macronucleus in the trophont

38
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Trypanosoma cruzii

Macaque, human, squirrel monkey, dog

reduviid bug intermediate host (6-15 days)

Large terminal kinetoplast, narrow undulating membrane, long free flagellum

39
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Piscenoodinium pillulare (gold dust disease)

fish

Direct, 10-14 days

oval, opaque nonmotile trophonts

40
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Plasmodium vivax (malaria)

Macaque

Indirect, Anopheles mosquito intermediate host

Geimsa stain

41
Q

Genus species

Host - Zebrafish

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Pseudoloma neurophilia

Zebrafish

Horizontal and vertical transission; ingestion of infective spores in the inveronment

Visualization of spores on wet mount and histopathology of CNS - gram-positive, acid-fast, Luna stain brick red.

42
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Aspiculuris tetraptera

Mouse, rat, gerbils, hamster, other rodents

Direct, prepatent period 23 days

Adult worms in cecum and colon, eggs in float, longer embryonation time

43
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Aspiculuris tetraptera

Mouse, rat, hamster, gerbil, other rodents

Direct, prepatent period 23 days

Eggs found in fecal float, adults in colon or cecum

44
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Syphacia obvelata

Mouse, rat, gerbil, hamster, voles

Direct, eggs deposited on perianal region, prepatent period 11-15 days

Detection of eggs on perianal tape test, adults in intestine

“Syphacia is speedy, sticky, and skinny”

45
Q

Genus species

Host - rat bladder

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Trichosomoides crassicauda

Rat bladder worm

Ingestion of embryonated eggs, prepatent period 55 days, more common in males

adults in urinary bladder, eggs in urine (bioperculate - whipworm)

46
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm)

Mouse, hamster, rat

Direct (only known cestode), 14-16 days; Indirect transmission via flea intermediate host

Eggs in feces, adults in small intestine (scolex bears hooks unlike Hymenolepsis diminuta)

47
Q

Genus species

Host - mouse

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Polyplax serrata (common mouse louse)

Mouse

Direct, 13 days

Specific to mice

48
Q

Genus species

Host - rat

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Polyplax spinulosa

Rat

Direct, 26 days

Rat specific

49
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Myobia musculi

Mouse, rat, other murid rodents

Direct, 23 days, non-burrowing

Clasping first pair of legs, empodial claw on remaining 3 pairs of legs

50
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Mycoptes musculinus

mouse, rat, guinea pig

Direct, 14 days

First two pairs of legs have abulacral suckers

51
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Radfordia affinis/ensifera

Mouse/rat

Direct, 23 days, non-burrowing

Bulges between legs, grasping claws in first pair of legs

affinis - paired, unequal tarsal claws on second pair of legs

ensifera - paired, equal tarsal claws on second pair of legs

52
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

Dog, rabbbit, swine, ZOONOTIC

Direct, 10-14 days, burrowing

Intense pruritis

53
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Toxocara canis

Dog

Direct, may be transmitted in utero or by fecal-oral contact

Eggs in feces, adults in intestinge, granulomatous lesions in tissues

54
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Toxocara canis

Dog

Direct, may be transmitted in utero or by fecal-oral contact

Eggs in feces, adults in intestinge, granulomatous lesions in tissues

55
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Tricuris vulpis

Dog

Direct, prepatent period 90 days

Bioperculate eggs, adults with long tails

56
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Tricuris vulpis

Dog

Direct, prepatent period 90 days

Bioperculate eggs, adults with long tails

57
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm)

Dog

Direct, infection via ingestion or skin penetration

subglobular buccal cavity with three well-developed teeth on each side; 2-8 cell stage egg

58
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Ancylostoma caninum (hookworm)

Dog

Direct, infection via ingestion or skin penetration

subglobular buccal cavity with three well-developed teeth on each side; 2-8 cell stage egg

59
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Dirofilaria immitis

Dog; cat, ferret aberrant hosts

Indirect, mosquito intermediate host, prepatent period 6-8 months

Adult in blood smear, antigen testing

60
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Dipylidium caninum

Dog, cat

Indirect, flea or louse intermediate hosts, 2-4 weeks for adults to mature

Gravid proglottid or egg capsules in feces or perianal region

61
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Otodectes synotis

Dog, cat, ferret, rabbit

Direct, 18-28 days

Ear cytology

62
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)

Dog, cat

Indirect, may transmit Rickettsia spp, Francisella tularensis

Short capitulum, presence of festoons

63
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick)

Dog, wild rodents, rabbits

Indirect, may infest larger mammals; may transmit Rickettsia and Francisella tularensis

Short capitulum, presence of festoons, yellow and brown scutum

64
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Ixodes scapularis (deer tick)

Dog, rodent

Rodent intermediate host; vector for Borellia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, Babesia

Long capitulum, lack of festoons, round scutum

65
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)

Multiple mammals species

Indirect, only adults live on host, may transmit Dipylidium caninum

Visualization of adults or digested blood on host

66
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

Vector for what disease?

A

Haematopinus suis

Swine

Direct, host specific

visualization of adults on skin

swine pox

67
Q

Genus species

Host - guinea pig

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Trixaxarus caviae

Guinea pig

Direct

Dorsal anus vs. terminal anus in S. scabiei; simple dorsal setae (not spinous); many pointed scales vs. few, rounded scales in N. cati

68
Q

Genus species

Host - zebra fish

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Pseudocapillaria tomentosa

Zebra fish

Direct or via oligochete paratenic hosts

Adults on wet mount, eggs have bi-polar plugs

69
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Gyrodactylus spp.

Xenopus, fishes

Direct, infection through contaminated water; obligate parasite

Bilobed anterior tip; posterior attachement organ (haptor) with hooks

70
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Polystoma spp.

amphibians

adults in urinary bladder; 2 week incubation for eggs, 3 week maturation of ocomiracidium

6 pedunculated suckers

71
Q

Genus species

Hosts

Life cycle

Diagnosis

A

Pseudocapillaroides xenopi

Xenopus

Direct, eggs shed into environment, burrows into epidermis

skin scraping wet mount - adults present, eggs with bi-polar plugs

72
Q

Genus and species

A

Argulus japonicus

73
Q

Genus and species

A

Chirodiscoides caviae

74
Q
A

Gyropus ovalis

guinea pig louse

75
Q
A

Gliricola porcelli

76
Q

Genus and Species

A

Ornithonyssis bacoti

Core Concepts (6 decks)

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