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Microbiology Minimals, Debrecen > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Mention 2 protozoa that are susceptible to metronidazol!

A

Entamoeba histolytica Giardia lamblia Trichomonas vaginalis

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2
Q

What are the 3 modes of transmission for human Toxoplasma gondii infection?

A

Eating undercooked meat containing tissue cysts,

Contact with cat feces or consuming food or water containing oocysts Transplacental transmission

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3
Q

Which protozoon may infect the human foetus transplacentally and cause developmental malformations?

A

Toxoplasma gondii

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4
Q

Which species are the causative agents of malaria?

A

Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. falciparum, (P. knowlesi)

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5
Q

What is the definitive (ultimate) host of Plasmodium species?

A

female Anopheles mosquito

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6
Q

What is the laboratory diagnosis of malaria?

A

Giemsa-stained blood smears. Thick smear is used to screen for the agent, thin smear is used to identify the species.

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7
Q

How long is the erytrocytic cycle of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovale?

A

48 hours

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8
Q

How long is the erytrocytic cycle of Plasmodium malariae?

A

72 hours

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9
Q

What is the causative agent of malignant malaria?

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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10
Q

Which Plasmodium species may cause relapse of malaria due to presence of hypnozoites?

A

Plasmodium vivax, P. ovale

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11
Q

Mention a potentially fatal complication of Plasmodium falciparum infections!

A

cerebral malaria

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12
Q

Mention an agent that may be effective in the treatment of acute malaria attack!

A

chloroquine, quinine, artemether+lumefantrine, etc.

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13
Q

Mention an antimalarial drug active against hypnozoites!

A

Primaquin

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14
Q

How can one diagnose the African sleeping sickness disease?

A

Giemsa-stained blood smears are used for direct demonstration. Serology may be helpful

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15
Q

What are the causative agents of African sleeping sickness?

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and rhodesiense

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16
Q

Specify the 3 forms of leishmaniasis!

A

cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral

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17
Q

How can one diagnose amebic dysenetery?

A

Microscopic demonstration of E. histolytica cysts and trophozoites from feces

18
Q

How can one diagnose Trichomonas vaginalis infection?

A

Direct demonstration of protozoa in wet mount or stained smear of clinical specimens (vaginal, urethral or prostatic secretions). Isolation by culture.

19
Q

What is the definitive (ultimate) host of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

dog

20
Q

How can one diagnose intestinal taeniasis?

A

Demonstration of characteristic proglottis and eggs (ova) in faeces.

21
Q

How can one diagnose Hymenolepis infection?

A

Demonstration of eggs (ova) in faeces

22
Q

Mention a worm species for which ab ano ad os auto-reinfection is characteristic in childhood!

A

Enterobius vermicularis

23
Q

Mention 2 worm species that migrate through the human lungs in the larval stage!

A

Ascaris lumbricoides Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus Strongyloides stercoralis

24
Q

How can one diagnose Ascaris infection?

A

Demonstration of eggs (ova) in faeces

25
Q

How can one diagnose trichuriasis?

A

Demonstration of eggs (ova) in faeces

26
Q

How can one diagnose Enterobius infection?

A

Demonstration of eggs (ova) recovered from perianal skin (Scotch tape technique). Not from feces!

27
Q

Mention 3 tissue infecting filarial nematodes!

A

Wuchereria bancrofti Loa loa

Oncocerca volvulus

28
Q

How is human Fasciola hepatica infection acquired?

A

By eating aquatic vegetation containing encysted larvae (Rarely: by eating raw sheep liver containing adult worms)

29
Q

What disease is caused if humans are infected per os with Taenia solium eggs?

A

human cysticercosis (encysted larvae in brain, eyes, etc.)

30
Q

How is human Trichinella spiralis infection acquired?

A

By eating raw or undercooked meat containing encysted larvae

31
Q

Mention 2 helminths whose larvae enter the human body by penetrating the intact skin!

A

Schistosoma Ancylostoma duodenale Necator americanus Strongyloides stercoralis

32
Q

Which developmental form of Echinococcus granulosus can occur in humans?

A

Hydatid cyst

33
Q

What are the definitive, and the intermediate hosts of Taenia saginata, respectively?

A

definitive host: human intermediate host: cattle

34
Q

What are the definitive, and the intermediate hosts of Taenia solium, respectively?

A

definitive host: human intermediate host: swine (pig)

35
Q

What is the infectious form of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

filariform larva

36
Q

What is the infectious form of Trichuris trichiura?

A

embryonated egg

37
Q

Which form of Taenia saginata is infectious for humans?

A

cysticercus (in beef)

38
Q

Is autoreinfection possible in Ascaris lumbricoides infection? If yes, when?

A

No, the eggs must mature in the soil for several days to become infectious (embryonated)

39
Q

Is autoreinfection possible in Strongyloide stercoralis infection? If yes, when?

A

yes, especially in immunosuppression (for example: AIDS)

40
Q

Is autoreinfection possible in Enterobius vermicularis infection? If yes, when?

A

yes, the eggs become infectious in a few hours, and ab ano ad os autoinfection may occur (especially in children)

Microbiology Minimals, Debrecen (5 decks)

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