Parasitology

Question 1

Microparasites

Answer 1

Reproduce in the host (protozoa)

Question 2

Macroparasites

Answer 2

No reproduction in host

Helminths

Question 3

Entamoeba Histolytica

1. Symptoms:
2. Transmission
3. Epidemiology
4. Diagnosis
5. Treatment
6. Pathophysio

Answer 3

Entamoeba histolytica

1. Symptoms: bloody diarrhea, RUQ pain, flask shaped ulcer, liver abscess, can travel to lungs
2. Transmission: cyst in water
3. Epidemiology: 90% asumptomatic
4. Diagnosis: Serology or trophozites with RBC in them
5. Treatment: metronidazole, iodoquinol for asymptomatic
6. Pathophysio: Troph invade cells==> button hole ulcer==> troph enteres liver via hepatic portal; trophs==> Cyst in large intestine= can spread

Question 4

Giardia Lamblia

1. Symptoms:
2. Transmission
3. Epidemiology
4. Diagnosis
5. Treatment
6. Hosts
7. Pathophysio

Answer 4

Giardia Lamblia

1. Symptoms: 1-3 week incubation bloating, flatulence, smelly diarrhea,FATTY STOOLS, weight loss, cramping
2. Transmission: cysts in water, fecal oral
3. Epidemiology: campers/hikers
4. Diagnosis: trophozites in diarrhea or cysts in dry stool
5. Treatment: metronidazole
6. Hosts: dogs, muskrats
7. Pathophysio: troph attaches to epithelial layers, prevents fat absorption, flattens villi,

Question 5

Trichomonas Vaginalis

1. Symptoms:
2. Transmission:
3. Epidemiology:
4. Diagnosis:
5. Treatment
6. Pathophysio

Answer 5

Trichomonas Vaginalis

1. Symptoms: itching and burning, reddish area of vagina (strawberry cervix); males asymptommatic
2. Transmission: Troph via sex; NO CYSTS
3. Epidemiology: 25% of women at some point in their lives
4. Diagnosis: Vaginal swab for TROPH
5. Treatment: metronidazole, vinegar douch
6. Pathophysio: pH 4-5/6

Question 6

Cryptosporidium Parvum

1. Symptoms:
2. Transmission:
3. Epidemiology:
4. Diagnosis:
5. Treatment
6. Pathophysio

Answer 6

Cryptosporidium Parvum

1. Symptoms: severe diarrhea in AIDs (possible respiratory sx), watery diarrhea in immunocompetent
2. Transmission: oocyst in water
3. Epidemiology: AIDs, daycares
4. Diagnosis: oocyst in feces
5. Treatment: usually no treatment needed; Nitazonide in peds/AIDs
6. Pathophysio: Oocyst ingestion, asexual multiplication in epithelial cells of intesting==> microgametes become oocysts ==> feces

Question 7

Trypanosoma Cruzi

1. Symptoms:
2. Transmission:
3. Epidemiology:
4. Diagnosis:
5. Treatment

Answer 7

Trypanosoma Cruzi

INVASIVE

1. Symptoms: Chagas disease, dilated cardiomyopathy with apical atrophy, megacolon, megaesophagus, periorbital swelling= Romana sign
2. Transmission: vector=triatoma infects humans, human scratches
3. Epidemiology: South america, central america
4. Diagnosis: blood smear to show parasites
5. Treatment: Benznidazole, Nifurtimox in blood stage, not in amastigotes
6. Pathophysio: Metacyclic trypamastgote (infectious)==> amastigote (in skin)==> pseudocyst

Question 8

Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense

1. Symptoms:
2. Transmission/pathogenesis:
3. Epidemiology:
4. Diagnosis:
5. Treatment
6. Host evasion?

Answer 8

Trypanosoma Brucei Gambiense

1. Symptoms: Sore at inoculation, winterbottom’s sign, lymph node swell, 2-3 weeks parasitemia==> sleeping sickness (1 year to enter CNS= fever/headach==> apathy==> coma==>death)
2. Transmission: tsetse fly injects metacyclic trypomastigote into host==> binary fission in blood==> CNS
3. Diagnosis: parasite in blood, lymph or CNS
4. Treatment: Suramin (before CNS); Melarsopol/Eflornithin (after CNS involvement)
5. Host evastion: antigenic variation, lives in immunological privledged sit

Question 9

Trypanosoma Brucei Rhodesiense?

Control?

Answer 9

• Same as Gambiense, but moves to CNS faster (1 month) and death within a year.
• antelope host.
• Control: travel at night (Tsetse fly sleeps at night)