Fungal infections

Question 1

Candida Albicans

Answer 1

Systemic or superficial infection. Oral esophageal flora

_**MOST IMPT OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGAL INFECTION**_

Question 2

Candida Albicans -who gets it?

Answer 2

age, pregnancy, hospitalization, diabetes, HIV pateints–higher liklihood of getting it

Question 3

Candida Albicans presentations- oral

Answer 3

1. pseudomembranous oropharyngeal= oral thrus 2.
2. erythmatous or atrophic

Question 4

Candida albicans- skin infections

Answer 4

** intertriginous candidias**= moist areas in large people

• lesions= moist, macular, erythematous rash with satellite lesions
• predisposing factors= obesity, DM, warm water, use of broad spectrum antibiotics.

Question 5

Diaper rash

Answer 5

start in infatn perianal region, spread to genitalia and inner thighs

candida albicans

infants that are not clea, unchanged diapers

Question 6

What happens to people in contact with flour?

Answer 6

Candidal onychomycosis

paronychia (whitlow)==> proximal subungual infection

candida granuloma

swelling AROUND infected nail

Question 7

Neonatal candidas

Answer 7

Predisposing factors= low birth weight, age, long IV catherization, use of antibioitcs

Affects organs, eyes, lungs kidneys, heart, CNS

Renal complications

Question 8

Congenital Candidiasis

Answer 8

Confined to skin in form of generalized erythematous vesicular rash

Can cause abortion?

Question 9

Burning in subsertnal area, nausea, dysphagia,vomiting

Answer 9

oesophageal candidiasis

Epidemiology: AIDS, severe immunosupression,

Question 10

How do diagnose candida?

Answer 10

scrape and look at under microscope

can culture blood and body fluids

Question 11

Treatment of candida

Answer 11

Topical=nystait, miconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B

Question 12

Cryptoccocis

• shape
• transmission
• pathophysio
• infections

Answer 12

• encapsulated yeaset
• Found in soild, pigeon droppings==inhalation
• starts in lungs and resolves OR dissemination=
• meningitis, skin, bone, internal organ infection
• polysaccharides on fungus are immunosuppressive

Question 13

Soap bubble lesions in brain

Answer 13

C. neoformans meningitis

Question 14

Types of neoformans?

Answer 14

var neoformans= dried bird shit

var gattii= eucalyptus trees- tropical and subtropical climates.

Question 15

Diagnosis of C. neoformans?

Answer 15

Microsopic, culture, serology

Question 16

Systemic Mycoses

Answer 16

• Disease
  
  • Hisstoplasmosis- dimorphic fungus
  • Blastomycosis- dimorphic fungus
  • Coccidiodomycosis**-spherule
  • Paracoccidiodomycosis
• Common Sx: can cause pneumonia and disseminate. Mimic TB with granulmoa formation
• Treatment:
  
  • ​Local infection- Fluconazole
  • Systemic Infection- Amphotericin B
• Transmission: NO PERSON-PERSON!. Inhalation

Question 17

Histoplasmosis

1. Location
2. Sx
3. Transmission

Answer 17

Systemic

1. Location: Mississippi and Ohio river valleys
2. **Sx: **Pneumonia
3. Transmission: bird or bad feces

Histo HIDES in macrophages

Question 18

Blastomycosis

1. Location
2. Sx
3. Transmission
4. Characteristics?

Answer 18

1. Location: East of Mississippi, Central US
2. Sx: inflammatory lung disease–can disseminate to bone and skin. granulamatous nodules
4. **Broad-based budding **