Parasitology 3 + 4 Flashcards
what protozoa are on diarrhea panels for small animals?
crypto, giardia, tritrichomonas
T/F: for echinococcus PCR is the only reasonable option
T
__ of parasites is more important in large animals than small animals
number
T/F: many coccidia are not pathogenic
T
quantitative procedures for fecal egg/oocyte counts
flotation tests, require measured amount of feces and flotation solution = modified mcmaster
when should you utilize a quantitative test for fecal egg/oocysts count?
utilize mcmasters when you expect low egg counts
what is the basic procedure for assessing drug efficacy?
fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT)
describe the basic FECRT procedure
- Test 10-15 animals ideally with 200 epg (fecal sample)
- Treat with correct dose of anthelmintic (fenbendazole/oxibendazole, pyrantel, ivermectin/moxidectin)
- Pretreatment test followed by post treatment test 10-14 days later
- Calculate reduction in FEC and compare the means of pre and post treatment
- Around 99% efficacy expected if there is no resistance
In large animals what parasites would a fecal flotation detect?
strongylids, ascarids, coccidia
Lungworm morphological test
Baermann test for horses and ruminants, fecal flotation for pigs
Fasciola hepatica morphological tests
sedimentation test and mcmaster for quantification
what parasites morphological tests would include a preputial scraping for culture?
tritrichomonas foetus
how should you approach examining an unfamiliar species for parasites?
Approach it like a common domestic host because while the individual parasite species will be different they still belong to the same parasite groups you are accustomed to dealing with. If you do a fecal float you’ll still find everything that will float in sheathers.
if you’re looking for giardia, what solution should you use?
zinc sulfate
what is the treatment for hookworms in dogs?
pyrantel
fenbendazole
febantel
milbemycin oxime
moxidectin
What are the most common parasites of small animals?
- hookworms (ancylostoma caninum)
- roundworms (ascarids/Toxocara canis)
- tapeworms (Dipylidium canidium)
- whipworms (trichuris)
what do hookworms (ascarids) look like as adult and on fecal float?
adult: short small re-brown - white worms
fecal float: a clear ring around a cluster of cells, 60–75 µm long
hookworm treatment
febantel
drontal plus
ivermectin
moxidectin
what do roundworms (ancylostoma) look like as adults and on flotation?
adult: large, stout bodied and generally bigger than most other nematodes between 5 and 40cm long
look like spaghetti
fecal float: thick shell with just one cell inside 90um
what do we treat roundworms (ancylostoma) with?
pyrantel, fenbendazole
what do tapeworms look like as adults and on fecal float?
adults: segmented worms that can be somewhat long
fecal float: large eggs with multiple cells inside
treatment for tapeworms
treat for fleas
praziquantel (drontal)
what do whipworms (enlopida) look like as adults and on fecal float?
adults: small( 1/4 inch long) with a tapered end (whispy)
fecal float: polar plug at each end
treatment of whipworms (enlopida)
febantel
febendazole
drontal plus
whats in drontal plus
febantel, pyrantel, praziquantel
