Parasitology 3 + 4

Question 1

what protozoa are on diarrhea panels for small animals?

Answer 1

crypto, giardia, tritrichomonas

Question 2

T/F: for echinococcus PCR is the only reasonable option

Answer 2

T

Question 3

__ of parasites is more important in large animals than small animals

Answer 3

number

Question 4

T/F: many coccidia are not pathogenic

Answer 4

T

Question 5

quantitative procedures for fecal egg/oocyte counts

Answer 5

flotation tests, require measured amount of feces and flotation solution = modified mcmaster

Question 6

when should you utilize a quantitative test for fecal egg/oocysts count?

Answer 6

utilize mcmasters when you expect low egg counts

Question 7

what is the basic procedure for assessing drug efficacy?

Answer 7

fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT)

Question 8

describe the basic FECRT procedure

Answer 8

1. Test 10-15 animals ideally with 200 epg (fecal sample)
2. Treat with correct dose of anthelmintic (fenbendazole/oxibendazole, pyrantel, ivermectin/moxidectin)
3. Pretreatment test followed by post treatment test 10-14 days later
4. Calculate reduction in FEC and compare the means of pre and post treatment
5. Around 99% efficacy expected if there is no resistance

Question 9

In large animals what parasites would a fecal flotation detect?

Answer 9

strongylids, ascarids, coccidia

Question 10

Lungworm morphological test

Answer 10

Baermann test for horses and ruminants, fecal flotation for pigs

Question 11

Fasciola hepatica morphological tests

Answer 11

sedimentation test and mcmaster for quantification

Question 12

what parasites morphological tests would include a preputial scraping for culture?

Answer 12

tritrichomonas foetus

Question 13

how should you approach examining an unfamiliar species for parasites?

Answer 13

Approach it like a common domestic host because while the individual parasite species will be different they still belong to the same parasite groups you are accustomed to dealing with. If you do a fecal float you’ll still find everything that will float in sheathers.

Question 14

if you’re looking for giardia, what solution should you use?

Answer 14

zinc sulfate

Question 15

what is the treatment for hookworms in dogs?

Answer 15

pyrantel
fenbendazole
febantel
milbemycin oxime
moxidectin

Question 16

What are the most common parasites of small animals?

Answer 16

• hookworms (ancylostoma caninum)
• roundworms (ascarids/Toxocara canis)
• tapeworms (Dipylidium canidium)
• whipworms (trichuris)

Question 17

what do hookworms (ascarids) look like as adult and on fecal float?

Answer 17

adult: short small re-brown - white worms

fecal float: a clear ring around a cluster of cells, 60–75 µm long

Question 18

hookworm treatment

Answer 18

febantel
drontal plus
ivermectin
moxidectin

Question 19

what do roundworms (ancylostoma) look like as adults and on flotation?

Answer 19

adult: large, stout bodied and generally bigger than most other nematodes between 5 and 40cm long
look like spaghetti

fecal float: thick shell with just one cell inside 90um

Question 20

what do we treat roundworms (ancylostoma) with?

Answer 20

pyrantel, fenbendazole

Question 21

what do tapeworms look like as adults and on fecal float?

Answer 21

adults: segmented worms that can be somewhat long

fecal float: large eggs with multiple cells inside

Question 22

treatment for tapeworms

Answer 22

treat for fleas
praziquantel (drontal)

Question 23

what do whipworms (enlopida) look like as adults and on fecal float?

Answer 23

adults: small( 1/4 inch long) with a tapered end (whispy)

fecal float: polar plug at each end

Question 24

treatment of whipworms (enlopida)

Answer 24

febantel
febendazole
drontal plus

Question 25

whats in drontal plus

Answer 25

febantel, pyrantel, praziquantel