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MICRO > Parasitology > Flashcards

Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Single celled parasites name

A

Protozoa

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2
Q

4 types of protozoa

A
  1. Amoebas
  2. Flagellates
  3. Ciliates
  4. Sporozoans
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3
Q

Multicelled parasites name?

A

Metazoa

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4
Q

2 types of metazoa

A

Nemathelminths

Platyhelminths

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5
Q

Roundworms name

A

Nematodes

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6
Q

Flatworms name

A

Cestodes

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7
Q

Flukes name

A

Trematodes

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8
Q

Do protozoans have cell wall?

Chloroplasts?

A

No

No

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9
Q

Protozoans can exist in what two forms:

A

Trophozoite (feeding)

Cyst (resting)

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10
Q

Common mode of protozoan reproduction?

A

Binary fission

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11
Q

What type of replication occurs in definitive host only?

A

Sexual

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12
Q

Amoebas use what to move?

A

Pseudopodia

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13
Q

Example of amoeba:

A

Etamoeba histolytica

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14
Q

Flagellates use what to move?

A

Flagella

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15
Q

Example of flagellate 4

A

Giardia intestinalis
Trichomonas vaginalis
Trypanosoma
Leishmania

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16
Q

Ciliates use what to move

A

Cilia

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17
Q

Sporozoans use what to move

A

Flagella and pseudopodia

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18
Q

What is usually protozoan reproduction?

Exception

A

Binary fission

Sporozoans can do sexual

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19
Q

Sporozoans live where?

A

Intracellularly

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20
Q

which worms have male and female sexes?

A

Nematodes/Round worms

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21
Q

Definitive Host of a worm is what

A

Place where adult worms and sexual reproduction occurs

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22
Q

which worms may have digestive tracts

A

Roundworms and Flukes

NOT tapeworms

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23
Q

Which worms have hooks

A

tapeworms

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24
Q

Which worms have suckers

A

Tapeworms and flukes

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25
Q

Parts of cestode?

A
  1. Scolex

2. Strobila made of proglottids and gravid proglottids

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26
Q

Giardia appearance?
Path:
Disease:
Prevent:

A

Smiling face flagellate

Fecal/oral –> Binary in SI –> Destroy villi –> Cysts in feces

Giardiasis = Malabsorptive diarrhea with sulfur burps

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27
Q

Coccidia class of protozoa?
Path:
Disease:
Treatment:

A

Sporozoan

Fecal oral –> disrupt epithelial –> Shed in feces

Coccidiosis: Watery diarrhea

Nitazoxanide

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28
Q

Balantidium class
Path
Disease
Treatment:

A

Ciliate
Fecal oral –> Colon –> Shed in feces
Balantidiasis: Mild diarrhea
Tetracycline or metronidzaole

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29
Q 
Entamoeba histolytica class
Path: 
Special manifestation:
Disease it causes: 
Treatment:
A

Amoeba
Fecal/oral –> Colon –> Brain
Flask shaped bleeding ulcers

30
Q

Naegleria normally found in GI?
Transmission:
Manifestation:
Treatment

A

No
Warm freshwater up nose
Encephalitis and meningitis
Metronidazole

31
Q

Acathamoeba normally foundin GI?
Transmission:
Manifestation:
Treatment:

A

No
COntact lens
Infection of eye
Metronidazole

32
Q

Trichuris class?
Path:
Clinical manifestation: 2
Treatment:

A

Nematode
Ingest eggs –> larva in SI –> Adults in colon –> Eggs in feces
Bloody dysentery, tenesmus
Invermectin

33
Q

Ascaris class
Path:
Disease:
Treatment

A

Roundworm, geohelminth
Fecal oral eggs –> Larva throughout upper chest –> Cough up larvae and swallow –> Adults in GI –> Eggs in feces

Ascariasis: Cough, asthma, biliary or colon obstruction
Invermectin

34
Q

Hookworms class
Path:
Symptom:
Prevention and treatment

A

Roundworm
Larvae penetrate feet –> Get to lungs and trachea –> Swallow down to SI –> Eggs in feces
Ground itch and anemia
Sanitation and invermectin

35
Q 
Strongyloides is what class? 
Path
Disease 2
Treatment
What is found in stool
A 
Roundworm
Larvae penetrate skin --> lungs --> Swallowed --> Embed in SI --> Live larva passed in feces --> f
Strongyloidiasis: Diarrhea and sepsis
Invermectin
Larva
36
Q

What parasites mainly cause diarrhea 3

A
  1. Giarrdia
  2. Coccidian infections
  3. Balantidium
37
Q

Dysentery parasitic causes 2

A

Trichuris

Amoebae

38
Q

Non GI amoeboe to know (2)

A
  1. Naegleria: Brain

2. Acanthamoeba: Eye

39
Q

Assorted bowel trouble caused by what roundworms

A
  1. Ascaris
  2. Hookworms
  3. Strongyloides
  4. Enterobius/pinworms
  5. Anasakis
40
Q 
Enterobius/pinworms is what class
Path
Sympstoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
A

Roundworm
Ingest eggs –> adult worms in rectum –> Crawl out and lay eggs in perianal –> Child scratches –> Fecal oral

Pruritis ani

Scotch tape test

Invermectin

41
Q

Anasakis is what class
Path:
Symptoms (2)
Treatment

A

Roundworm
Eat sushi –> Worm penetrates mucosa –> Dies but causes allergic response

GI upset and eosinophilic granulomas

Invermectin

42
Q 
Cestodes locations
Diphyllobothrium 
Diplyidium
Hymenolepsis
Taenia
Echinococcus
A 
Diphyll = Fish
Diply = Dog
Hymeno = Rodent/arthropod
Taenia = Beef/pork
Echinococcus = Dog
43
Q

Prototype cestode has how many hosts?

How many stages?

A

2

2

44
Q

Reproductive segments of cestodes are called

A

Proglottids

45
Q

Extralumenal tapeworms include what two?

A

Taenia –> Cysticercosis

Echinococcus –> Hydatid

46
Q

Main symptoms of tapeworm infeciton (3)

A
  1. Diarrhea
  2. Malabsorption
  3. Proglottid escape
47
Q

Path of cystericercosis:

What does is cause heavily in endemic countries

A

Humans ingests taenia eggs –> Larvae go all over body and cause cysts

Neurocysticercosis –> Seizures in endemic countries

48
Q

Path of hydatid disease

Most patient have what symptom

A

Human ingests eggs –> larvae spread all over body to cause cysts

Most people are highly allergic to it so very symptomatic

49
Q

Prevention of cestode infections:

Treatment:

A

Prevent fecal oral route through sanitation

Praziquantel

50
Q

Most cystericera have what symptom

A

Asymptomatic

51
Q

Main treatment for cestodes

A

Praziquantel

52
Q

Hepatobiliary parasitic causes (8)

A
  1. Ascariasis
  2. Amoebiasis
  3. Hydatid disease
  4. Flukes
  5. Larval migrans
  6. Leishmaniasis
  7. Toxoplasmosis
  8. Malaria
53
Q

Trematodes are divided into what 4 types?

A 
Biliary = Fasciola
Liver = Clonorchis
Mesenteric = Schisto
Lung = Paragonimus
54
Q

Biliary and liver flukes path:
Common symptoms (6)
Treatment

A

Snails ingest eggs –> Leave larvae for fish to eat –> Human eats fish –> larvae goes to liver or bile duct

Asymptomatic, flu like, respiratory, ab pain, hepatomegaly, carcinoma

Praziquantel

55
Q

Schistosomiasis path
Symptom in kids
Main symptoms (4)
Treatment

A

Snail –> larvae in freshwater penetrates human skin –> mesenteric –> eggs in feces back to water

Hepatosplenomegaly/Ascites

Colon polyps, hematuria, bladder cancer, swimmer’s itch

Praziquantel

56
Q

Paragonimius path
Symptoms 2
Treatment

A

Snails, crabs, shellfish –> Worms hatch in GI –> migrate to human lungs –> eggs in sputum/feces

Coughing up blood, lung masses

Praziquantel

57
Q

Toxoplasmosis transmission 3
3 manifestations
Treatment

A

Contamianted meat, cat feces, congenital

Pseudocysts, Congenital TORCH infection, Change hosts behavior (psychoparasitism)

Pyremethamine

58
Q

How did toxoplasmosis change women’s behavior:

A

More interested in cat odors

More easy going and less suspicious

59
Q

How did toxoplasmosis change men’s behavior

A

Less bound to social rules

More suspicious and jealous

60
Q

Trichomonas are transmitted how

Mian symptom:

A

STD

Vaginitis

61
Q 
Dracontiasis common name
Class
Transmission: 
Symptom: 
Control: 
Treatment:
A

Guinea worm
Nematode
Water bugs with larvae –> Swallow water with bugs –> Larvae in intestine –> Go to lower limbs –> Bury out of legs to release in water

Painful lower limbs

Clean water

Pull out worms as they appear

62
Q

Trichinosis class
Path:
Symptoms
Treatment (2)

A

Roundworm
Undercooked pork –> nurse cells in muscle
Inflammation and pain
Invermecitn + mebendazole

63
Q

Larval migrans is what class
Transmission:
Two forms:
Related to what:

A

round worm
fecal oral from dogs and cat feces
Visceral and cutaneous
Pet addiction

64
Q

Main treatment for roundworms

A

Invermectin

65
Q

Main treatment for tapeworms and flukes

A

Praziquantel

66
Q

Main treatment for amoebae

A

Metronidazole

67
Q

Mebendazole function

A

Inhibits microtubule polymerization

68
Q

Pyrantel mechanism

A

Releases acetylcholine –> paralyzes worms

69
Q

Invermectin mechanism

A

Binds glutamate-gated chloride channel –> Deactivates channel but changes chloride leves and messing with GABA

70
Q

Praziquantel mechanism (2)

A

Increase permeability to calcium

Interferes with adenosine uptake

71
Q

Mechanism of metronidazole

A

Strand breaks in DNA

MICRO (22 decks)

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