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Parasitology > Parasitism > Flashcards

Parasitism Flashcards

1
Q

How can you classify hosts?

A
  1. By the stage of the parasite harboured
  2. By the specificity of the parasite-host relation
  3. By epizootiologic charasteristics
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2
Q

How are hosts classified by the stage of the parasite harboured?

A

Definitive/final and Intermediate hosts.

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3
Q

What is DH/FH?

A

Host that harbours adult stage of the parasite (ie. the stage with sexual reproduction.

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4
Q

What is IH?

A

Host that harbours larval(immature) stages of the parasite or stages with asexual reproduction.

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5
Q

Type host

A

Host in which the parasite was first described for science.

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6
Q

Obligatory host

A

Host that is essential for the parasite to complete its life cycle.

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7
Q

Principal host

A

Host that harbours the largest number of individuals of the parasite population.

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8
Q

Accidental host

A

Parasitised by chance, not purpose.

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9
Q

Artificial host

A

Parasitised in experimental conditions.

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10
Q

Paratenic host

A

Host that is not obligatory, but helps the parasite to be transmitted to a more suitable host.

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11
Q

Vector

A

An invertebrate animal that carries the parasite (usually) to DH

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12
Q

Mechanic vector

A

No development of the parasite/only carrier

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13
Q

Biological vector

A

Parasite evolves inside the vector

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14
Q

Biological vector subtypes

A

Multiplicative, cycloevolutive, and cyclomultiplicative.

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15
Q

Multiplicative vector

A

Biological vector in which multiplication of the parasite occurs.

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16
Q

Cycloevolutive vector

A

Biological vector in which evolution but no multiplication occurs.

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17
Q

Cyclomultiplicative vector

A

Biological vector in which evolution and multiplication occurs.

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18
Q

Reservoir

A

Host that is not (too much) negatively affected by the parasite despite hosting it.

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19
Q

Bridge

A

???

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20
Q

Zooparasites can be classified into?

A

Protozoa
Helminths
Arthtopoda

21
Q

Ectoparasite

A

Ulkoloinen

22
Q

Endoparasite

A

Sisäloinen

23
Q

Coelozoics

A

In coelom

24
Q

Histozoics

A

In tissues

25
Q

Citozoics

A

In cells

26
Q

Cariozoics

A

In nuclei

27
Q

Plazmozoics

A

In cytoplasm

28
Q

Erratics

A

Outside the usual place

29
Q

Obligated parasites

A

Must be parasitic in order to survive

30
Q

Facultative parasites

A

Can be or not

31
Q

Accidental parasites

A

Prefer not to be parasites

32
Q

How to classify parasites by host spectrum?

A

Eurixenic, stenoxenic, oligoxenic, monoxenic

33
Q

Eurixenic parasite

A

Very broad spectrum of hosts

34
Q

Stenoxenic parasite

A

Narrow spectrum of hosts

35
Q

Oligoxenic parasite

A

Few hosts

36
Q

Monoxenic parasite

A

One host

37
Q

How to classify parasites by the number of hosts during life cycle?

A

Monoxenic, heteroxenic, autoheteroxenic

38
Q

Heteroxenic parasite

A

1 DH and =/>1 IH

39
Q

Autoheteroxenic parasite

A

Same host can be DH or IH depending on the individual parasite’s stage

40
Q

How to classify parasite by pathogenics?

A

Pathogenic, facultatively pathogenic, non-pathogenic

41
Q

Pathogenic parasite

A

Always disease

42
Q

Facultatively pathogenic parasite

A

Disease sometimes in sick, weak, young or old animals.

43
Q

Non pathogenic parasite

A

No disease

44
Q

Parasitism

A

Heterotypic, negative, temporal or permanent, external or internal association among two species. These are the parasite (usually smaller and of lower zoological level) which is benefitting from the association and the host (usually bigger and of more complex zoological level) who is harmed by the association.

45
Q

Imaginal parasite

A

Periodical parasite during adulthood

46
Q

Preteolic parasite

A

Periodical parasite during juvenile stages

47
Q

Diheteroxenic parasite

A

1 DH and 1 IH

48
Q

Polyheteroxenic parasite

A

1 DH and more than 1 IH

49
Q

Alternance of homogonic cycles with heterogonic cycles

A

Alternating generations of free-living sexually reproductive 2 sexed generations and parasitic parthenogenous female-only generations.

Parasitology (8 decks)

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